ارزیابی مدل های غیرخطی قطر - ارتفاع گونه توسکا در جنگل های هیرکانی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل رضاییان)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
انوشیروان عالمی
1
,
جعفر اولادی
2
,
اصغر فلاح
3
,
یاسر مقصودی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
3 - دانشیار گروه جنگلداری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4 - استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی نقشهبرداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/02/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
رگرسیون غیرخطی,
آماربرداری,
جنگلهای علیآباد,
مدل قطر- ارتفاع,
چکیده مقاله :
ارزیابی وضعیت توده جنگلی در طول زمان به دقت و نوع مدلهای قطر- ارتفاع وابسته است. در این پژوهش مدلهای مختلف قطر- ارتفاع برای برآورد دقیق ارتفاع درخت توسکا در تودههای ناهمسال آمیخته نامنظم در بخشی از سری چهار جنگل رضاییان علیآباد ارزیابی شد. 200 قطعه نمونه دایرهای شکل بهمساحت 1000 مترمربع و بهروش تصادفی- منظم به ابعاد شبکه 200 ×150 متر و با شدت 33/3 درصد در جنگل مورد مطالعه پیاده شد. در تمام قطعات نمونه، مشخصههای گونه، قطر برابر سینه تمام درختان با قطر بیشتر از 5/7 سانتیمتر و ارتفاع درختان اندازهگیری و ثبت شد. با استفاده از 43 مدل رگرسیونی، ارتباط بین ارتفاع بهعنوان متغیر وابسته و قطر بهعنوان متغیر مستقل بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج بهدست آمده نشان داد که نتایج معیارهای ارزیابی مدل، تفاوت زیادی با یکدیگر نداشتند و ازنظر آماری تفاوت معنیداری بین مقادیر برآوردشده با استفاده از مدلهای مختلف و مقادیر واقعی در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد وجود نداشت. همچنین پنج مدل رگرسیونی غیرخطی هندسی، هندسی 2، هایپربولیک 3، مورگان- مرسر- فلودین و لگاریتمی با ضریب تبیین 88/0 و درصد مجذور میانگین مربعات خطای بهترتیب 81/7، 86/7، 88/7، 90/7و 92/7 درصد، نتایج مشابه و نزدیک بههم داشتند و توانایی خوبی برای برآورد ارتفاع درختان جنگلی با دقت مناسب داشتند. این مدلها میتوانند در برآورد ارتفاع درختان جنگلی در صورت تأیید و تکرار این نتایج در مناطق جنگلی شمال ایران استفاده شوند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Projection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. In this study, we evaluated the capability of 43 nonlinear models to estimate Alnus subcordata heights in a portion Rezaeian experimental forest in Gorgan, Golestan province. We applied a systematic random sampling method to collect field data within a 150×200 meter network (3.33% intensity). It resulted in 200 circular plots with 17.84 m (0.1 ha) radius. In each plot tree species, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees with DBH>7.5 cm were measured. From the available dataset, we included 70% in the model development and the remaining 30% to validate the models. The relationship between height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable) was analyzed using 43 non-linear regression models. The results showed no significant difference between the applied model diagnostics, and the applied t-test showed non-significant mean stand height estimation using all models and actual height at 99% confidence level. In addition, the results of Geometric, Geometric two, Hyperbolic three, Morgan-Merser-Florin and Logarithmic models with R2 of 0.88 and RMSE% of 7.81%, 7.86%, 7.88%, 7.90 and 7.92% , respectively were almost similar in that they were better predictors of forest height. Based on the results, we conclude that these models can be used for predicting forest height in similar broadleaved stands of northern Iran, provided that comparative studies are conducted elsewhere to approve the results obtained here.
منابع و مأخذ:
References
Ahmadi, K., J. Alavi., M. Tabari., & W. Aertsen, 2013. Non-linear height-diameter models for oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment Journal, 17(3): 431-440 (In Persian).
Bayat, M., M. Namiranian.,& M. Zobeiry, 2013. Determining the growing Volume, Height and number of trees in the forest using permanent sample plots. Forest and Wood Products, Volume, 67(3): 423-435. (In Persian)
Castano-Santamaria, J., F. Crecente-Campo., J.L. Fernandez-Martinez., M. Barrio-Anta & J.R. Obeso., 2013. Tree height prediction approaches for uneven-aged beech forests in northwestern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 307: 63-73.
Castedo, F., U. Dieguez-Aranda., M. Barrio., M.R. Sanchez & K. von Gadow., 2006. A generalized height-diameter model including random components for radiate pine plantations in northwestern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 229: 202-213.
Fang, Z. & R.L. Bailey., 1998. Height-diameter models for tropical forest on Hainan Island in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 110: 315-327.
Huang, S., S.J. Titus & D.P. Wiens., 1992. Comparison of nonlinear height-diameter functions for major Alberta tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,22:1297- 1304.
Lumbres I.R.C., Y.J. Lee., Y.O. Seo., S.H. Kim., J.K. Chio & W.K. Lee., 2011. Development and validation of nonlinear height-DBH models for major coniferous tree species in Korea. Forest Science and Technology, 7: 117-125.
Mohammadi, J. & Sh. Shataee., 2016. Study of different height-diameter models for hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in uneven-aged stands of Shastkalateh forest of Gorgan. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 24 No. 4, 2016. (In Persian)
Morrison, M.L., B.G. Marcot & R.W. Mannan., 1992. Wildlife Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 343p.
Newton, P.F. & I.G. Amponsah., 2007. Comparative evaluation of five height-diameter models developed for black spruce and jack pine stand-types in terms of goodness-of-fit, lack-of-fit and predictive ability. Forest Ecology and Management, 247: 149-166.
Özçelik, R., M.J. Diamantopoulou., F. CrecenteCampo & F. Eler., 2013. Estimating Crimean juniper tree height using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models. Forest Ecology and Management, 306: 52-60.
Parresol, B.R., 1992. Bald cypress heightdiameter equations and their prediction confidence intervals. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22(9), 1429-1434.
Peng, C., L. Zhang & J. Liu., 2001. Developing and validating nonlinear height-diameter models for major tree species of Ontario’s boreal forest. Northern Journal Application of Forestry, 18: 87-94.
Sharma, M. & S.Y. Zhang., 2004. Heightdiameter models using stand characteristics for Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19: 442-451.
Temesgen, H., C.H. Zhang, & X.H. Zhao 2014. Modelling tree height-diameter relationships in multi-species and multi-layered forests: A large observational study from northeast China. Forest Ecology and Management, 316: 78-89.
Vargas-Larreta, B., F.C. Dorado., G.J. LvarezGonzalez., M. Barrio-Anta & F. CruzCobos., 2009. A generalized height-diameter model with random coefficients for unevenaged stands in El Salto, Durango (Mexico). Forestry, 82: 445-462.
Zhang, L., 1997. Cross-validation of nonlinear growth functions for modeling tree heightdiameter distributions. Annals of Botany, 79: 251-257.
_||_References
Ahmadi, K., J. Alavi., M. Tabari., & W. Aertsen, 2013. Non-linear height-diameter models for oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment Journal, 17(3): 431-440 (In Persian).
Bayat, M., M. Namiranian.,& M. Zobeiry, 2013. Determining the growing Volume, Height and number of trees in the forest using permanent sample plots. Forest and Wood Products, Volume, 67(3): 423-435. (In Persian)
Castano-Santamaria, J., F. Crecente-Campo., J.L. Fernandez-Martinez., M. Barrio-Anta & J.R. Obeso., 2013. Tree height prediction approaches for uneven-aged beech forests in northwestern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 307: 63-73.
Castedo, F., U. Dieguez-Aranda., M. Barrio., M.R. Sanchez & K. von Gadow., 2006. A generalized height-diameter model including random components for radiate pine plantations in northwestern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 229: 202-213.
Fang, Z. & R.L. Bailey., 1998. Height-diameter models for tropical forest on Hainan Island in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 110: 315-327.
Huang, S., S.J. Titus & D.P. Wiens., 1992. Comparison of nonlinear height-diameter functions for major Alberta tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,22:1297- 1304.
Lumbres I.R.C., Y.J. Lee., Y.O. Seo., S.H. Kim., J.K. Chio & W.K. Lee., 2011. Development and validation of nonlinear height-DBH models for major coniferous tree species in Korea. Forest Science and Technology, 7: 117-125.
Mohammadi, J. & Sh. Shataee., 2016. Study of different height-diameter models for hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in uneven-aged stands of Shastkalateh forest of Gorgan. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 24 No. 4, 2016. (In Persian)
Morrison, M.L., B.G. Marcot & R.W. Mannan., 1992. Wildlife Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 343p.
Newton, P.F. & I.G. Amponsah., 2007. Comparative evaluation of five height-diameter models developed for black spruce and jack pine stand-types in terms of goodness-of-fit, lack-of-fit and predictive ability. Forest Ecology and Management, 247: 149-166.
Özçelik, R., M.J. Diamantopoulou., F. CrecenteCampo & F. Eler., 2013. Estimating Crimean juniper tree height using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models. Forest Ecology and Management, 306: 52-60.
Parresol, B.R., 1992. Bald cypress heightdiameter equations and their prediction confidence intervals. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22(9), 1429-1434.
Peng, C., L. Zhang & J. Liu., 2001. Developing and validating nonlinear height-diameter models for major tree species of Ontario’s boreal forest. Northern Journal Application of Forestry, 18: 87-94.
Sharma, M. & S.Y. Zhang., 2004. Heightdiameter models using stand characteristics for Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19: 442-451.
Temesgen, H., C.H. Zhang, & X.H. Zhao 2014. Modelling tree height-diameter relationships in multi-species and multi-layered forests: A large observational study from northeast China. Forest Ecology and Management, 316: 78-89.
Vargas-Larreta, B., F.C. Dorado., G.J. LvarezGonzalez., M. Barrio-Anta & F. CruzCobos., 2009. A generalized height-diameter model with random coefficients for unevenaged stands in El Salto, Durango (Mexico). Forestry, 82: 445-462.
Zhang, L., 1997. Cross-validation of nonlinear growth functions for modeling tree heightdiameter distributions. Annals of Botany, 79: 251-257.