تاثیر برش تک‌گزینی بر تنوع زادآوری گونه‌های درختی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل ناو اسالم، غرب گیلان، ایران)
محورهای موضوعی : راش
زهرا مرادی
1
,
علی صالحی
2
,
حسن پوربابایی
3
,
جمشید اسلام دوست
4
1 - دانشگاه گیلان
2 - دانشگاه گیلان
3 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان.
4 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
کلید واژه: زادآوری, ویژگی‌های روشنه, جنگل شاهد, شاخص‌های تنوع,
چکیده مقاله :
در این مطالعه اثر مساحت، شیب و جهت روشنه بر تنوع زادآوری گونه‌های درختی در راشستان آمیخته، سری دو از جنگل‌های ناو اسالم استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین‌منظور 15روشنه با سه اندازه روشنه کوچک (200-100 مترمربع)، متوسط (300-200 مترمربع) و بزرگ (400-300 مترمربع) هرکدام با پنج تکرار انتخاب شد. نقاط شاهدی نیز با همین اندازه زیر تاج پوشش بسته در نظر گرفته شد. شیب در چهار کلاسه (30-20، 40-31، 50-41 و 50 درصد به بالا) طبقه‌بندی شد. سپس درصد زادآوری گونه‌های چوبی آن‌ها براساس مقیاس دومین در ریز قطعه نمونه‌های 4 متر مربعی ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های سیمپسون، شانون- وینر و غنا با افزایش اندازه روشنه افزایش معنی‌داری پیدا می‌کنند در حالی که سطوح نقاط شاهد مجاور روشنه-ها بر شاخص‌های تنوع تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت. در بین جهت‌های جغرافیایی و شیب‌های مورد بررسی بالاترین مقدار شاخص‌های تنوع به شاخص شانون- وینر اختصاص داشته است. بر این اساس بیشترین مقدار شاخص شانون- وینر (203/2) و غنا (5) به جهت شما‌ل شرق و به شیب 50-41 درصد (18/2 و 5) اختصاص داشت. در حالی که بیشترین مقدار شاخص یکنواختی به شاخص کامارگو در جهت شرق (88/0) و به شیب 40-31 درصد (86/0) اختصاص داشته است. بر اساس نتیجه تجزیه واریانس، اختلاف معنی‌داری در بین شاخص‌های مذکور در جهت‌های مختلف جغرافیایی و شیب‌های مختلف مشاهده نشد.
In this study, effect of gap sizes, slope and aspect on diversity of tree regeneration were investigated in mixed beech, Nav of Asalem, Guilan province. For this purpose, 15 forest gaps with three different sizes included small (100-200 m2), medium size (200-300 m2) and large size (300-400 m2) with 5 replicates were selected. Moreover, the control points with the same sizes were also chosen under the trees canopy. Slope were categorized into four slope classes (20-30, 31-40, 41-50 and %50<). The percentage of regenerations cover have been recorded within 4 m2 micro-plots. Results showed that the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and richness significantly increased by increasing in the size of the gap. Between geographical aspect and slopes, the highest indices were related to Shannon-Wiener indices. The maximum of Shannon-Wiener and richness were related in north east (2.203, 5) aspect and in slope of 41-50% (2.18 and 5). The maximum of evenness indices is related to Camargo index in east (0.88) aspect and in 40-31 % (0.86) slop. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference among the indices in different geographical aspects and different slopes.
1- Amoli Kondori, A.R., M.R. Marvi Mohajer, M. Zobeiri, & V. Etemad, 2012. Natural regeneration of tree species in relation to gaps characteristics in natural beech stand (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 20: 151-164.
2- Carpentier, G., C. Pélissier, R. Pascal, J. Pierre, & F. Houllier, 1998. Sampling strategies for the assessment of tree species diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 161-172.
3- Dora Maria, V., M. Nascimento, L. Aragao, & D. Da Gama, 2006. Effect of selective logging on forest structure and nutrient cycling in a seasonally dry Brazilian Atlantic forest. Journal of Biogeography 33: 506-516.
4- Ejtehadi, H., A. Sepehri, & H. Akafi, 2009. Methods of biodiversity measurement, Ferdowsi Mashhad University Press, 288 pp.
5- Ellenberg, H. & C. Leuschner, 1996. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen, Ulmer, Stuttgart.
6- Elliott, K.J. & J.D. Knoepp, 2005. The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 296-317.
7- Fallahchai, M.M. 2011. Study of Single Selection Method with Administering Function on Tree Species Diversity in Siyahkal Shenroud Forests. Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources 6: 41-54.
8- Felton A.M., J. Wood, & D.B. Lindenmayer, 2006. Vegetation structure, phenology, and regeneration in the natural and anthropogenic tree-fall gaps of a reduced-impact logged subtropical Bolivian forest. Forest Ecology and Management 235: 186–193.
9- Galhidy, L., B. Mihok, A. Hagyo, K.R. ajkai, & T. Standovar, 2006. Effects of gap size and associated changes in light and soil moisture on the understory vegetation of a Hungarian beech forest. Plant Ecology 183: 133-145.
10- Klinka, K., A.M. Scagel, & P.J. Courtin, 1985. Vegetation relationships among some seral ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 561-569.
11- Madsen, P., K. Hahn, J.B. Larsen, & S. Lidhold, 2004. Gap regeneration in a close- to- natural managed beech sylvatica forest in Denmark. 7th international Beech symposium IUFRO, 25pp.
12- Maguran, A.E. 1996. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Chapman and Hall. XP, 256 pp.
13- Moore, M.R. & J.L. Vankat, 1986. Responses of the herb layer to the gap dynamics of a mature beech-maple forest. Am Midl Nat 115: 336-347.
14- Moradi, Z., H. Pourbabaie, A. Salehi & A.R. Sayadi, 2016. The effect of single tree selection cutting on herbaceous diversity in mixed oriental beech forest (Case study: Nav-e Asalem, Guilan). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 23: 583-593.
15- Mosadegh A. Plantation and Forest Nursery, Tehran University Press, 516 pp.
16- Nagaik, T., T. Kamitani, & Nakshizuka, T. 2005. Effects of different forest management systems on plant species diversity in a Fagus crenata forested landscape of central Japan. Canadaian Journal Forest Reseasrch 12: 2832- 2840.
17- Pourbabaei, H. & T. Haghgooy, 2013. Effect of physiographical factors on tree species diversity (Case study: Kandelat Forest Park). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 21: 243-255.
18- Pourbabaei, H., H. Haddadi-Moghaddam, & M. Begyom Faghir, 2013. The influence of gap size on plant species diversity and composition in beech (Fagus orientalis) forest, Ramsar, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Journal of Biodiversity 14: 89-94.
19- Ren-hui, Q., C. Han, & Z. Li-xin, 2006. Effects of selection cutting on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad leaved forest in northern Fujian, southern China. Forestry Studies in China 8: 16-20.
20- Shabani, S., M., Akbarinia, Gh. Jalali, & A. Aliarab, 2011. Impact of canopy gaps size on woody species biodiversity in mountainous forests of northern Iran (Case study: beech stands of Lalis, Chalous). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 19: 73-82.
21- Sohrabi H, & M. Akbarinia 2005. Plant species diversity in relation to physiographical factors at Dehsorkh Woodland). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 21: 279-294.
22- Takyu, M., S.I. Aiba, & K. Kanehiro, 2002. Effects of topography on tropical lower montane forests under different geological conditions on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, Plant Ecology 159: 35-49.
23- Tavankar, F., J. Mahmoudi, & A. Iranparast Bodaghi, 2011. The effect of single selection method on tree species diversity in the northern forests of Iran (Case study: Asalem-Nav, Guilan province). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources 6: 27-40.
24- Zhang, Q. & Y. Liang, 1995. Effects of gap size on nutrient release from plant litter decomposition in a natural forest ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 1627–1638.
_||_1- Amoli Kondori, A.R., M.R. Marvi Mohajer, M. Zobeiri, & V. Etemad, 2012. Natural regeneration of tree species in relation to gaps characteristics in natural beech stand (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 20: 151-164.
2- Carpentier, G., C. Pélissier, R. Pascal, J. Pierre, & F. Houllier, 1998. Sampling strategies for the assessment of tree species diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 161-172.
3- Dora Maria, V., M. Nascimento, L. Aragao, & D. Da Gama, 2006. Effect of selective logging on forest structure and nutrient cycling in a seasonally dry Brazilian Atlantic forest. Journal of Biogeography 33: 506-516.
4- Ejtehadi, H., A. Sepehri, & H. Akafi, 2009. Methods of biodiversity measurement, Ferdowsi Mashhad University Press, 288 pp.
5- Ellenberg, H. & C. Leuschner, 1996. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen, Ulmer, Stuttgart.
6- Elliott, K.J. & J.D. Knoepp, 2005. The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 296-317.
7- Fallahchai, M.M. 2011. Study of Single Selection Method with Administering Function on Tree Species Diversity in Siyahkal Shenroud Forests. Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources 6: 41-54.
8- Felton A.M., J. Wood, & D.B. Lindenmayer, 2006. Vegetation structure, phenology, and regeneration in the natural and anthropogenic tree-fall gaps of a reduced-impact logged subtropical Bolivian forest. Forest Ecology and Management 235: 186–193.
9- Galhidy, L., B. Mihok, A. Hagyo, K.R. ajkai, & T. Standovar, 2006. Effects of gap size and associated changes in light and soil moisture on the understory vegetation of a Hungarian beech forest. Plant Ecology 183: 133-145.
10- Klinka, K., A.M. Scagel, & P.J. Courtin, 1985. Vegetation relationships among some seral ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 561-569.
11- Madsen, P., K. Hahn, J.B. Larsen, & S. Lidhold, 2004. Gap regeneration in a close- to- natural managed beech sylvatica forest in Denmark. 7th international Beech symposium IUFRO, 25pp.
12- Maguran, A.E. 1996. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Chapman and Hall. XP, 256 pp.
13- Moore, M.R. & J.L. Vankat, 1986. Responses of the herb layer to the gap dynamics of a mature beech-maple forest. Am Midl Nat 115: 336-347.
14- Moradi, Z., H. Pourbabaie, A. Salehi & A.R. Sayadi, 2016. The effect of single tree selection cutting on herbaceous diversity in mixed oriental beech forest (Case study: Nav-e Asalem, Guilan). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 23: 583-593.
15- Mosadegh A. Plantation and Forest Nursery, Tehran University Press, 516 pp.
16- Nagaik, T., T. Kamitani, & Nakshizuka, T. 2005. Effects of different forest management systems on plant species diversity in a Fagus crenata forested landscape of central Japan. Canadaian Journal Forest Reseasrch 12: 2832- 2840.
17- Pourbabaei, H. & T. Haghgooy, 2013. Effect of physiographical factors on tree species diversity (Case study: Kandelat Forest Park). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 21: 243-255.
18- Pourbabaei, H., H. Haddadi-Moghaddam, & M. Begyom Faghir, 2013. The influence of gap size on plant species diversity and composition in beech (Fagus orientalis) forest, Ramsar, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Journal of Biodiversity 14: 89-94.
19- Ren-hui, Q., C. Han, & Z. Li-xin, 2006. Effects of selection cutting on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad leaved forest in northern Fujian, southern China. Forestry Studies in China 8: 16-20.
20- Shabani, S., M., Akbarinia, Gh. Jalali, & A. Aliarab, 2011. Impact of canopy gaps size on woody species biodiversity in mountainous forests of northern Iran (Case study: beech stands of Lalis, Chalous). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 19: 73-82.
21- Sohrabi H, & M. Akbarinia 2005. Plant species diversity in relation to physiographical factors at Dehsorkh Woodland). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 21: 279-294.
22- Takyu, M., S.I. Aiba, & K. Kanehiro, 2002. Effects of topography on tropical lower montane forests under different geological conditions on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, Plant Ecology 159: 35-49.
23- Tavankar, F., J. Mahmoudi, & A. Iranparast Bodaghi, 2011. The effect of single selection method on tree species diversity in the northern forests of Iran (Case study: Asalem-Nav, Guilan province). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources 6: 27-40.
24- Zhang, Q. & Y. Liang, 1995. Effects of gap size on nutrient release from plant litter decomposition in a natural forest ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 1627–1638.