تحلیل و مقایسه تالاب‌های مصنوعی برای گیاه‌پالایی فاضلاب
محورهای موضوعی : زبان اصلی مجله انگلیسی می باشد! ( ترجمه عنوان: رهیافت های نوین در محیط زیست و اکولوژی کاربردی)مسعود نوشادی 1 * , زهرا اسلامی 2 , سعید عوض پور 3
1 - رئیس بخش مهندسی آب دانشگاه شیراز
2 - بخش مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 - بخش مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: تالاب‌های مصنوعی, راهکارهای سبز, گیاه‌پالایی, کنترل آلودگی, تصفیه فاضلاب,
چکیده مقاله :
تالاب‌های مصنوعی، سیستم‌های مهندسی‌شده‌ای هستند که عملکردهای تالاب‌های طبیعی را برای تصفیه پایدار فاضلاب از طریق گیاه‌پالایی تکرار می‌کنند. این بررسی، تجزیه و تحلیل جامعی از انواع تالاب‌های مصنوعی، از جمله جریان آزاد سطحی آب، جریان افقی و عمودی زیرسطحی، سیستم‌های ترکیبی و تالاب‌های شناور تصفیه، با برجسته کردن طرح‌های ساختاری، رژیم‌های جریان و گونه‌های گیاهی مورد استفاده در آنها ارائه می‌دهد. مکانیسم‌های گیاه‌پالایی، مانند استخراج گیاهی و تجزیه گیاهی، به تفصیل بررسی شده‌اند. ارزیابی‌های عملکرد نشان می‌دهد که تالاب‌های مصنوعی به طور مؤثر مواد مغذی، فلزات سنگین، عوامل بیماری‌زا و آلاینده‌های نوظهور را حذف می‌کنند و راندمان حذف آنها تحت تأثیر انتخاب گیاه، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی و شرایط عملیاتی قرار دارد. کاربردهای مختلف در تصفیه فاضلاب شهری، صنعتی و کشاورزی بررسی شده و با مطالعات موردی در سطح بین المللی مطابقت داده شده است. چالش‌هایی مانند نیاز به زمین، تغییرپذیری فصلی و محدودیت‌ها در حذف آلاینده‌های نوظهور در کنار دیدگاه‌های نوآوری، از جمله اصلاحات بیوچار، پیکربندی‌های ترکیبی و تشدید سیستم، مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. تالاب‌های مصنوعی یک جایگزین مقاوم، کم‌انرژی و از نظر اکولوژیکی مفید برای تصفیه فاضلاب ارائه می‌دهند که پتانسیل قابل توجهی در پیشبرد استراتژی‌های مدیریت یکپارچه و چرخشی آب دارد.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems that replicate natural wetland functions to sustainably treat wastewater through phytoremediation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of CW types, including free water surface flow, horizontal and vertical subsurface flow, hybrid systems, and floating treatment wetlands, highlighting their structural designs, flow regimes, and plant species used. The mechanisms of phytoremediation, such as phytoextraction and phytodegradation are examined in detail. Performance evaluations reveal that CWs effectively remove nutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, and emerging contaminants, with removal efficiencies influenced by plant selection, hydraulic retention time, and operational conditions. Applications across municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewater treatment are reviewed, supported by global case studies. Challenges such as land requirements, seasonal variability, and limitations in emerging pollutant removal are discussed alongside perspectives for innovation, including biochar amendments, hybrid configurations, and system intensification. CWs offer a resilient, low-energy, and ecologically beneficial alternative for wastewater treatment, with significant potential in advancing integrated and circular water management strategies.
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