ارزیابی و تحلیل وضعیت مؤلفههای زیبایی‌شناسی منظر شهری در باغ شهر بم
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصل‌نامه فضای زیستفرانک ترک زاده 1 , محسن قاسمی 2 * , منصور نیک پور 3
1 - گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم ، ایران
2 - گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران
3 - .استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران.
کلید واژه: زیبایی‌شناسی, منظر شهری, آلودگی بصری , باغشهر بم.,
چکیده مقاله :
انقلاب صنعتی، نوگرایی و نظام سرمایه‌داری در سطح جهانی، چنان تغییرات بنیادی و اساسی بوجود آورده است که میزان و شدت آن در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته با توجه به زمینه‌های اجتماعی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی به صورت‌های مختلف نمود پیدا کرده است که در کشور ایران، اولین نمود آن در شهر و سیمای شهرها تبلور کالبدی – فضایی یافته است و شهرها را به لحاظ کالبدی و فضایی دچار انقطاع تاریخی کرده که زمانی با الگوی معماری، سیما و منظری که از خود به نمایش می‌گذاشتند، زبانزد عام و خاص بودند؛ باغشهر بم با ارزش‌های طبیعی و سازه‌ای خود در دل کویر، یکی از این شهرهاست که با رویدادهای طبیعی و جریان‌های نوگرایی و... دیگر برای مخاطب به لحاظ زیبایی جذابیت خاصی ندارد، با توجه به اهمیت موضوع در این پژوهش به بررسی و تحلیل وضعیت مؤلفههای زیبایی‌شناسی منظر شهری شهر بم پرداخته می‌شود، رویکرد تحقیق توصیفی – تحلیلی است که از دو زیرمطالعه تشکیل شده است و از روش‌های اسنادی و مطالعه‌ی کتابخانه‌ای، مشاهده میدانی و مصاحبه‌‌ی نیمه‌ساختاریافته برای گردآوری اطلاعات و داده‌ها بهره گرفته شده است و در بخش تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در زیر مطالعه اول (کمی) از مدل VIKOR برای رتبه‌بندی راسته‌های مورد بررسی با توجه به معیارهای مورد مطالعه استفاده شد و همچنین در زیر مطالعه دوم (کیفی(مصاحبه) از نرم افزار ATLAS TI برای استخراج کدها بهره گرفته شد، نتایج حاصل از یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که مطلوبیت ساختار کالبدی و معماری موجود مناظر باغ شهر بم در وضعیت متوسطی قرار دارد که متخصصان : گسست از تاریخ و فرهنگ بومی ، بحرانهای اقتصادی، طبیعی و اجتماعی، عدم توجه به عنا صر طبیعی، اعمال سلیقه های فردی در سایه نبود قانون و محدودیتها را از مهمترین عوامل شکل‌گیری روند موجود آشتفتگی‌های منظر شهری باغشهر بم هستند.
The industrial revolution, modernization, and the capitalist system at the global level have brought about such fundamental and fundamental changes that the extent and intensity of it in developing and developed countries have manifested themselves in different ways according to the social, political, cultural, and economic fields, which in the country Iran, its first manifestation in the city and the appearance of the cities have found a physical-spatial crystallization and the cities have suffered a historical break in terms of physical and spatial, which were once famous for their architectural model, appearance, and landscape that they displayed. One of the main reasons for this crisis is the urbanization of capital, the promotion of profitability, the commodification of buildings, and the replacement of commercial and economic values with aesthetic and meaningful values, which has left a vague and unconventional image of urban landscapes in the public mind. City Garden Bam is located in the southeast of Kerman province and is one of the historical cities with a defensive structure in the heart of Lut Desert, which has a unique pattern of life and architecture. This city, with its natural and structural values in the heart of the desert, is one of these cities that is no longer attractive to the audience in terms of beauty due to natural events and modern trends. By looking at the landscape and view of Bam city garden, which is the first registered city garden in the world, and also considering its reconstruction after the earthquake of 2012, this study tries to investigate and evaluate the state of its urban landscapes. According to the importance of the subject, in this research, the state of the aesthetic indicators of the urban landscape of Bam City is examined and analyzed. The research approach is descriptive-analytical, which consists of two sub-studies and includes documentary methods and library study, field observation, and semi-structured interviews. The first phase is descriptive-analytical research that evaluates the aesthetic indices of the urban landscape in selected streets of City Garden, Bam. The result obtained from this stage actually represents the status of the investigated indicators in the selected streets and the knowledge obtained from this stage is fundamental for advancing the second goal of the research (recognition and analysis of the factors and contexts of the emergence of the current situation of the urban landscape of Bam from the perspective of experts and local experts). Therefore, according to the second objective of the research, the second sub-study has an analytical nature. In the first sub-study, the investigated indicators are obtained from the review of empirical research literature. The data at this stage have been extracted from urban land use maps and detailed reports of urban development plans of City Garden Bam and researcher's field observation. The data used in the first sub-study were prepared by Bam City Municipality and Bam Road and Urban Development Department. After quantification of the collected data, the comparative evaluation of the indicators in each of the investigated streets was done, for this purpose, the Vikor model was used. As a result, in general, it can be said that City Garden Bam had a unique construction pattern before the 1382 earthquake by taking advantage of the culture, history, local contractors, natural elements, streams and groves. But now, due to the construction pattern, the materials used and the design of unconventional facades, this city has suffered a cultural oblivion. The results of the research findings in the first sub-study show that there are challenges in the 5 studied streets according to the investigated indicator, which can be attributed to the lack of facades of some buildings, Visual pollution caused by wall writings and signs. The lack of rhythm and consistency in color and color combinations, lack of attention to natural elements and palm trees, and the use of unconventional and incompatible materials with the local climate pointed out in the second sub-study, the causes of the existing trend were analyzed and it was found that six individual factors, Natural, economic, social and cultural crises, incorrect modeling, lack of attention to natural elements, incorrect modeling, and contradictions are the most important in the formation of the current trend of disturbances in the urban landscape of City garden Bam.