شناخت مولفه‌ها و میزان تاثیر آنها در انطباق‌پذیری طرح های مداخله‌گرایانه با بافت تاریخی (نمونه موردی: بافت تاریخی شهر کرمان)
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصل‌نامه فضای زیستکاظم محسنی 1 , منصور نیک پور 2 , سیاوش رشیدی شریف آباد 3
1 - گروه معماری، واحد بین الملل کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کیش، ایران
2 - .استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران.
3 - گروه معماری، واحدشهربابک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهربابک، ایران
کلید واژه: کرمان, بافت, مداخله‌گرایی, انطباق‌پذیری, کالبد.,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مشکلات شهرهای تاریخی چون کرمان، طراحی مداخله‌گرایانه در بافت تاریخی است که ناسازگار با بافت تاریخی شهر طراحی می‌شوند. که باعث بی‌هویتی شهرهای تاریخی می‌گردد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی ویژگیهای فضایی در طراحی مداخله گرایانه می‌باشد که امکان انطباق‌پذیری بیشتر طرح را فراهم می‌آورد. سپس به تعیین میزان تأثیر هر یک از ویژگیهای کالبدی بر انطباق‌پذیری طراحهای مداخله گرایانه با بافت تاریخی شهر کرمان پرداخته شده است. لذا اینکه ویژگیهای فضایی بر انطباق پذیری طرح های مداخله گرایانه با بافت تاریخی شهر کرمان چقدر می باشد سوال اصلی تحقیق است و شاخص مصالح و عناصر سنتی، شکل کالبدی و تناسبات و ویژگی های طراحی بافت از نقطه نظر متخصصین و ساکنین به ترتیب اولویت شاخص های تاثیرگذارتر بر انطباق پذیری طرح مداخله گرایانه با بافت تاریخی شهر کرمان می باشد به عنوان فرضیه اصلی این تحقیق مطرح می شود. اطّلاعات این تحقیق ترکیبی، به دو صورت کمّی و کیفی، از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان و توزیع پرسش‌نامه بین ساکنان و طراحان بافت تاریخی جمع‌آوری گردیده است. نتایج تحقیق و اثبات فرضیات مبتنی بر تحلیل‌های آماری نرم‌افزار SPSS می باشد. از نرم افزار Expert Choice برای تحلیل سلسله مراتبی شاخص های طراحی مداخله گرایانه به منظور انطباق‌پذیری طرح با بافت تاریخی استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که از دیدگاه خبرگان شاخص شکل کالبدی و تناسبات، شاخص مصالح و عناصر معماری سنّتی و شاخص ویژگیهای طراحی بافت بیشترین تاثیر را در انطباق پذیری طرح با بافت تاریخی دارد و از دیدگاه ساکنین بافت، شاخص مصالح و عناصر معماری سنّتی، شاخص شکل کالبدی و تناسبات و شاخص ویژگیهای طراحی بافت به ترتیب بیشترین تاْثیر را در انطباق پذیری طرح‌های مداخله گرایانه با بافت تاریخی دارد. معماران و شهرسازان می‌توانند از یافته‌های این پژوهش به منظور طراحی در بافت‌های تاریخی به ویژه در شهر کرمان استفاده نمایند.
There are many problems associated with historic cities such as Kerman City, including the interventionist design in the historical fabric that occurs without coordination and is incompatible with the city's historical fabric, which is one of the most serious problems. A general problem that most cities in Iran are facing is the problem of worn-out fabric, which is incompatible with modern living conditions, as well as changing the characteristics of modern cities as we know them. As a result of this, historical city residents will lose their sense of identity and sense of place, which will result in a cultural and identity break that will have a negative impact on human societies over the course of the next few decades. Architecture experts are focused on preserving the basic principles that have formed the historical fabric over the years, as well as adapting those principles to meet the contemporary requirements. In order to achieve compatibility between interventionist designs in historical fabric, it has been necessary to conduct a large amount of research in order to determine whether the interventions are of good quality. However, the various design indicators that make the interventionist plan adaptable to the historical fabric and the extent of the influence of each of these indicators on the adaptability in a historical fabric such as the city of Kerman have not been accurately determined so far. So, it is the aim of this research to identify spatial features in interventionist design that can help to provide greater adaptability of the design to the varying circumstances. In the next step, the impact of each of the physical characteristics on the adaptability of interventionist designers to the historical fabric of Kerman City has been determined, and finally, using the obtained results, design solutions are presented from the experts' point of view. In this research, in the first step, through interviews with experts, indicators that can influence adaptability in interventionist design are identified. Interviews are conducted with experts who have experience in designing historical fabric and were among the architecture professors of Kerman universities. Interviews with experts will continue until the identified indicators reach the threshold, which means that no new indicators will be added to the previously identified indicators in the final interviews. After identifying the adaptability indicators of the interventionist plans in the historical fabric of Kerman, the identified indicators are classified into 3 groups, physical shape and proportions, traditional materials and elements, and the characteristics of the fabric, and in the form of a questionnaire among the residents of the fabric and Experts are distributed. The sample size of this part of the research includes 384 residents of historic fabric and 260 experts using Cochran's formula. The viewpoints of residence were compared with the viewpoints of experts in terms of priority of indicators which cause compatibility of design intervention with existence identity in historic fabric of Kerman City. In addition, a hierarchical analysis of the indicators has also been performed by using the opinions of experts and residents of the historical fabric in order to prioritize the indicators using pairwise evaluations as a method of evaluating them. The results of the research were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software program in order to prove hypotheses and analyze the results. The interventionist design indicators were analyzed hierarchically using Expert Choice software in order to fit the plan to the historic fabric and adapt it to the interventionist design indicators. The results of the research show that from the point of view of experts, the index of physical shape and proportions, the index of traditional architectural materials and elements, and the index of fabric design features have the greatest impact on the adaptability of the design to the historical fabric, and from the point of view of the residents, the index of traditional architectural materials and elements, the index The physical shape and proportions and index of fabric design features respectively have the greatest effect on the adaptability of interventionist designs with historical fabric. Different methods show the same results in terms of priority in design intervention to meet adaptability in both expert and residence viewpoints. Architects and urban planners can use the findings of this research to design historical fabric, especially in Kerman City.