بررسی مولفه های کالبدی تکتونیک معماری موثر در زیبایی شناسی بناهای فرهنگی ایران (نمونه موردی:بناهای شاخص فرهنگی 20 سال اخیر شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه فضای زیستژامک میرهادی 1 , مزین دهباشی شریف 2 , داراب دیبا 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استاد گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: زیبایی شناسی, روش ترکیبی, مولفه های تکتونیک, بناهای شاخص فرهنگی در دو دهه اخیر,
چکیده مقاله :
بناهای فرهنگی بهعنوان مجموعههای نمادین و زیبای شهری، هویت یک شهر و یا منطقه را پدید میآورند که همواره متأثر از ساختوسازهای گوناگون بوده است. ساختوسازها بیش از هر چیز فرم و کالبد بنا را مورد تحول قرار میدهند که با عدم شناخت و تأثیرگذاری مؤلفهها و میزان اثرات آنها بر یکدیگر باعث واگرایی در فرم و کالبد آنها شده است. این امر در بناهای فرهنگی نوساز بهصورت مشهود قابلرؤیت است. تکنولوژی در حوزه ساختوساز، باعث پیدایش انواع مصالح ساختمانی و همچنین نحوه کاربست آنها در حالات گوناگون شده است. مقاله حاضر بر آن است که با خوانش مؤلفههای ادراک تکتونیک در معماری به تبیین سهم عاملی هریک از مؤلفهها در خلق زیبایی بناهای فرهنگی دوره حال و آینده بپردازد. روش تحقیق از نوع ترکیبی، لانه کردن و از نوع کیفی در کمی است؛ که با استفاده از بخش کیفی ابزار کمی تدوین میشود. برای تدوین سؤالات مرحله کیفی و انجام مصاحبه نیمه ساختار با متخصصین از مرور نظاممند ادبیات برای استخراج و مفاهیم در حوزه نظری استفاده میشود. سپس مصاحبه با 36 نفر از متخصصین که با سیستم گلوله برفی و همچنین برای آنها معیار ورود به تحقیق لحاظ میشود، آغاز میگردد. نتایج از نفر 28 ام به بعد داری اشباع نظری بوده است تقلیل دادهای در حوزه کیفی با کدگذاری باز با رویکرد توصیف و تفسیر صورت، در نرمافزار ATLASTI صورت میگیرد. محدوده مطالعاتی بناهای فرهنگی معاصر دو دهه اخیر شهر تهران است. در بخش کمی برای اثرگذاری هریک از مؤلفههای ادراک تکتونیک، پرسشنامه با طیف لیکرت به ازای هر مؤلفه تدوین میگردد. در این مرحله برای تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار ORIGINPRO استفاده میشود. نتایج حاکی از این است که بر اساس یافتههای بهدستآمده از مدل رگرسیونی مشخص میشود بیشترین ضریب تعیین با مقدار(000/1) مربوط به مؤلفه فن ساخت و کمترین مربوط به مؤلفه تزئینات با مقدار(265/0) است.
Aesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architecture, this recognition and definitions of beauty, we can see how its relationship with architecture has affected buildings throughout history. Understanding beauty is a divine gift and a mental base that leads to objectivity, and art without it is a body without soul and devoid of attraction. It is difficult to fully understand the concept of aesthetics, but it is possible to understand the factors that are effective in the perception of the pleasantness of the environment. . (Grooter, 1375) Since beauty has objective and subjective aspects, beauty in architecture can be examined in two parts, form and meaning. The aesthetics of the form in which structures and patterns are important can be investigated based on the composition patterns that are rooted in Gestalt aesthetics. Semantic aesthetics is another approach in architectural aesthetics that is rooted in psychological and behavioral sciences and examines the role of association and acceptance of patterns by people. Patterns that are received through experiences, socio-cultural and religious backgrounds The link between architectural form and structure has always existed in Iran's traditional architecture based on many evidences. In this regard, we can refer to buildings such as the tomb of Qaboos bin Ziyar, nicknamed Qaboos Dome in Gorgan, Isfahan Grand Mosque, and Soltanieh Dome. Special technologies are under construction. The evolution of the structure in Iranian architecture has been evolutionary. This continuous historical process, which was accompanied by a huge support from the experiences of the past, is one of the reasons for the increasing progress of Iranian architects of that time in the field of construction techniques. From a long time ago, Iranians were very interested in the beauty and arrangement of buildings, and to achieve this goal, they used all kinds of initiatives and innovations. Harmony, stability and stability in a beautiful eye is one of the wonders of traditional Iranian architecture, which has been achieved to the end of elegance and balance along with meaningful content in the body of the architectural work. Cultural buildings as symbolic and beautiful urban collections create the identity of a city or region that has always been affected by various constructions. Constructions transform the form and body of the building more than anything, which due to the lack of knowledge and influence of the components and the extent of their effects on each other has caused divergence in their form and body. This can be clearly seen in newly built cultural buildings. Technology and the advancement of technologies in the field of construction has caused the appearance of various construction materials and also how they are used in various situations. The present article aims to explain the contribution of each component in creating the beauty of cultural buildings of the present and future period by reading the tectonic components in architecture. The research method is of mixed type, nesting and of qualitative type in quantity. which is compiled using the qualitative part of the quantitative tool. A systematic review of the literature is used to formulate the questions of the qualitative stage and conduct semi-structured interviews with experts to extract concepts in the theoretical field. Then the interview begins with 36 experts who are included in the snowball system and the criteria for entering the research. The results from the 28th person to the theoretical saturation dimension have been data reduction in the qualitative field with open coding with the face description and interpretation approach, in the ATLASTI software. The scope of study is the contemporary cultural buildings of the last two decades of Tehran. In the quantitative part, for the effect of each tectonic component, a Likert scale questionnaire is developed for each component. At this stage, ORIGINPRO software is used for data analysis. The results indicate that based on the results obtained from the regression model, the highest coefficient of determination with a value of (1.000) is related to the construction fan component and the lowest is related to The decoration component is 0.265.