نوآوری در فعالیت های ورزشی ویژه سالمندان با رویکرد فراغت فعال
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت دانش
1 - دانشجوی دکتری رشتۀ مدیریت ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: ورزش سالمندان, نوآوری, فراغت فعال,
چکیده مقاله :
فراغت فعال فرصتی مناسب برای گذران زندگی به شیوه‌ای مطلوب برای تمامی سنین به ویژه سالمندان است که جامعه آن ها را افرادی بی تحرک و منزوی تلقی می کند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق شناسایی روش‌های نوآورانه برای مشارکت سالمندان در فعالیت‌های ورزشی اوقات فراغت است. این مطالعه از نوع مطالعات ثانویه است و روش اجرای آن، مرور بهترین شواهد است. جمع‌آوری منابع با استفاده از موتورهای Google Scholar،Science direct ، SCOPUS ,PubMed ProQuestوResearch Gate صورت گرفت. یافته های این تحقیق نشان دهنده فواید فعالیت های فراغتی- ورزشی به منظور بهبود شرایط عمومی سالمندان است. حمایت اجتماعی و دولتی از این گروه سنی برای مشارکت سالمندان در فعالیت های فراغتی- ورزشی بسیار ضروری است و می‌توان با طراحی صحیح فضای مناسب برای سالمندان و یا طراحی زمین های ورزشی، زمینه ای مناسب برای مشارکت فعال سالمندان در ورزش ایجاد کرد. در گام بعدی استفاده از تکنولوژی و بهره گیری از بازی های ورزشی نیز می تواند به فراغت فعال سالمندان کمک کند. بر اساس یافته های تحقیق پیشنهاد می شود، ذینفعان با نوآوری در طراحی فضاها، امکانات، تجهیزات مناسب ورزشی و بهره وری مناسب از تکنولوژی در اوقات فراغت سالمندان، در جهت بهبود شرایط و عملکرد آن ها گام بردارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Active Leisure is a good opportunity to live life in a way that is desirable for all ages, especially the elderly, who are considered by society to be sedentary and isolated. The purpose of this study is to identify innovative ways for older people to participate in leisure sports activities. This study is a secondary study and the method of its implementation is to review the best evidence. Resources were collected using Google Scholar, Science direct, SCOPUS, PubMed, ProQuest and Research Gate engines. The findings of this study indicate the benefits of leisure-sports activities to improve the general condition of the elderly. Social and governmental support of this age group is very necessary for the participation of the elderly in leisure-sports activities, and by properly designing a suitable space for the elderly or designing sports fields, a suitable ground can be created for the active participation of the elderly in sports. In the next step, the use of technology and the use of sports games can also help the active leisure of the elderly. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that stakeholders take steps to improve their conditions and performance by innovating in the design of spaces, facilities, appropriate sports equipment and appropriate efficiency of technology in the leisure time of the elderly.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ammar, A., Bouaziz, B., Trabelsi, K., Glenn, J., Zmijewski, P., Müller, P., . . . Hökelmann, A. (2020). Applying digital technology to promote active and healthy confinement lifestyle during pandemics in the elderly. Biology of Sport, 38, 391-396. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2021.100149
Beard, J. R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I. A., Sadana, R., Pot, A. M., Michel, J. P., . . . Chatterji, S. (2016). The world report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet, 387(10033), 2145-2154. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00516-4
Brauner, P., & Ziefle, M. J. J. o. P. H. (2021). Social acceptance of serious games for physical and cognitive training in older adults residing in ambient assisted living environments. 1-13.
Buchem, I., Vorwerg, S., Stamm, O., Hildebrand, K., & Bialek, Y. (2021). Gamification in mixed-reality exergames for older adult patients in a mobile immersive diagnostic center: A pilot study in the beware project. Paper presented at the 2021 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN).
Chul-Ho, B. U. M., John Arthur, J., & Chulhwan, C. (2020). Healthy aging and happiness in the korean elderly based upon leisure activity type. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 49(3). doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i3.3141
Chung, W., Rebecca Genoe, M., Tavilsup, P., Stearns, S., & Liechty, T. (2021). The ups and downs of older adults’ leisure during the pandemic. World Leisure Journal, 63(3), 301-315. doi:10.1080/16078055.2021.1958051
Silva, R. P., Del Duca, G. F., Delevatti, R. S., Streb, A. R., Malta, D. C. J. O. R., & Practice, C. (2021). Association between characteristics of physical activity in leisure time and obesity in brazilians adults and elderly. 15(1), 37-41.
Daria, W. (2021). Elderly consumers as a recipient of innovation. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE MP DRAHOMANOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PEDAGOGY, 42.
Fong, J. H. (2021). Leisure-time physical activity and its correlates in a multi-ethnic sample of adults over age 50 in singapore. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 379. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10431-6
González-Bernal, J. J., Jahouh, M., González-Santos, J., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Fernández-Lázaro, D., Soto-Cámara, R. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2021). Influence of the use of wii games on physical frailty components in institutionalized older adults. 18(5), 2723.
Guo, Y., Fu, Y., & Xu, Y. (2021). Satisfaction with neighbourhood environment moderates the associations between objective neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in older adults in beijing, china. Health Soc Care Community, 29(1), 206-214. doi:10.1111/hsc.13083
Hamdami Khotbesara, S., Doroudian, A. A., Sadat Moshir Estekhareh, Z., & Rezayan Ghayehbashi, A. (2021). Structural analysis of key factors affecting the future status of elderly exercise in iran. Sport Management Studies, 12(64). doi:10.22089/smrj.2020.8838.3009
Jeong, E.-H., & Park, J.-H. (2020). The relationship among leisure activities, depression and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly koreans. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420923449. doi:10.1177/2333721420923449
Lee, E.-L., Shin, M.-J., Ko, M.-H., Lee, B.-J., Jung, D. H., Han, K.-S., & Kim, J. M. J. J. o. t. A. M. D. A. (2021). The effect of information technology convergence gamification training in community-dwelling older people: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial.
Lee, H.-Y., Yu, C.-P., Wu, C.-D., & Pan, W.-C. (2018). The effect of leisure activity diversity and exercise time on the prevention of depression in the middle-aged and elderly residents of taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4). doi:10.3390/ijerph15040654
Lee, M., Lee, S., Robinson, S. R., Parrott, K. R., Lee, M., Lee, S., . . . Sport. (2021). Relationship between physical activity levels and perceived residential environment for rural older adults. 21(3).
Li, J., Hsu, C.-C., & Lin, C.-T. (2019). Leisure participation behavior and psychological well-being of elderly adults: An empirical study of tai chi chuan in china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18). doi:10.3390/ijerph16183387
Li, S., & Dlamini, A. J. W. (2021). Public service demand assessment of health risks of sport exercise for the elderly in henan province. (Preprint), 1-9.
Liang, C., Wu, P.-L., Lee, P.-F., & Ho, C.-C. (2021). Association of regular leisure-time physical activity with happiness among middle-aged and older adults in taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15). doi:10.3390/ijerph18158175
Lin, M. (2021). Leisure innovation for older adults in urban china: Application and reexamination of leisure innovation theory. Leisure Sciences, 1-19. doi:10.1080/01490400.2021.1914246
Liu, Y.-H., Liu, J., Lin, M.-T., & Chen, W.-C. (2020). Participation of senior citizens in somatosensory games: A correlation between the willingness to exercise and happiness. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. doi:10.1007/s12652-020-01918-y
Liu, Z., Kemperman, A., Timmermans, H., & Yang, D. J. J. o. t. g. (2021). Heterogeneity in physical activity participation of older adults: A latent class analysis. 92, 102999.
Maher, J. P., Pincus, A. L., Ram, N., & Conroy, D. E. (2015). Daily physical activity and life satisfaction across adulthood. Dev Psychol, 51(10), 1407-1419. doi:10.1037/dev0000037
McCord, A., Cocks, B., Barreiros, A. R., & Bizo, L. A. (2020). Short video game play improves executive function in the oldest old living in residential care. [Yes]. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 1-8. doi:doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106337
Nawrocka, A., & Mynarski, W. (2017). Objective assessment of adherence to global recommendations on physical activity for health in relation to spirometric values in nonsmoker women aged 60-75 years. J Aging Phys Act, 25(1), 123-127. doi:10.1123/japa.2015-0119
Paudel, S., Owen, A. J., & Smith, B. J. (2021). Socio-ecological influences of leisure-time physical activity among nepalese adults: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1443. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11484-3
Population, & Division. (2019). Revision of world population prospects. Retrieved from New York, NY, USA:
Punyakaew, A., Lersilp, S., & Putthinoi, S. (2019). Active ageing level and time use of elderly persons in a thai suburban community. Occupational Therapy International, 2019, 7092695. doi:10.1155/2019/7092695
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V., Rojo-Pérez, F., & Fernández-Mayoralas, G. (2018). Active ageing in spain: Leisure, community participation and quality of life. In Handbook of leisure, physical activity, sports, recreation and quality of life (pp. 237-257): Springer.
Maurice, P. F., Coughlan, D., Kelly, S. P., Keadle, S. K., Cook, M. B., Carlson, S. A., . . . Matthews, C. E. (2019). Association of leisure-time physical activity across the adult life course with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Netw Open, 2(3), e190355. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0355
Sala, G., Jopp, D., Gobet, F., Ogawa, M., Ishioka, Y., Masui, Y., . . . Gondo, Y. (2019). The impact of leisure activities on older adults' cognitive function, physical function, and mental health. PloS one, 14(11), e0225006-e0225006. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225006
STRÁNSKÁ, M., JANDOVÁ, Z., & KREJČÍ, M. J. A. S. V. (2021). Verification of the four-week intervention program" life in balance" in a selected group of seniors in the online environment during the covid-19 pandemic. 9(1), 25-34.
Williyanto, S., Kusmaedi, N., Sumardiyanto, S., Nugroho, W. A. J. A. J. o. P. E., Sport, Health, & Recreation. (2021). Relationship between sex, age, body mass index, and physical fitness with elderly participation. 10(1), 5-10.
Yu, J., Yang, C., Zhang, S., Zhai, D., Wang, A., & Li, J. (2021). The effect of the built environment on older men′s and women′s leisure-time physical activity in the mid-scale city of jinhua, china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1039. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031039
Yu, T., Fu, M., Zhang, B., Feng, L., Meng, H., Li, X., . . . Zou, Y. (2021). Neighbourhood built environment and leisure-time physical activity: A cross-sectional study in southern china. Eur J Sport Sci, 21(2), 285-292. doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1749311
Yuan, K.-S., & Wu, T.-J. (2021). Environmental stressors and well-being on middle-aged and elderly people: The mediating role of outdoor leisure behaviour and place attachment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13244-7
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Ammar, A., Bouaziz, B., Trabelsi, K., Glenn, J., Zmijewski, P., Müller, P., . . . Hökelmann, A. (2020). Applying digital technology to promote active and healthy confinement lifestyle during pandemics in the elderly. Biology of Sport, 38, 391-396. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2021.100149
Beard, J. R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I. A., Sadana, R., Pot, A. M., Michel, J. P., . . . Chatterji, S. (2016). The world report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet, 387(10033), 2145-2154. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00516-4
Brauner, P., & Ziefle, M. J. J. o. P. H. (2021). Social acceptance of serious games for physical and cognitive training in older adults residing in ambient assisted living environments. 1-13.
Buchem, I., Vorwerg, S., Stamm, O., Hildebrand, K., & Bialek, Y. (2021). Gamification in mixed-reality exergames for older adult patients in a mobile immersive diagnostic center: A pilot study in the beware project. Paper presented at the 2021 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN).
Chul-Ho, B. U. M., John Arthur, J., & Chulhwan, C. (2020). Healthy aging and happiness in the korean elderly based upon leisure activity type. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 49(3). doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i3.3141
Chung, W., Rebecca Genoe, M., Tavilsup, P., Stearns, S., & Liechty, T. (2021). The ups and downs of older adults’ leisure during the pandemic. World Leisure Journal, 63(3), 301-315. doi:10.1080/16078055.2021.1958051
Silva, R. P., Del Duca, G. F., Delevatti, R. S., Streb, A. R., Malta, D. C. J. O. R., & Practice, C. (2021). Association between characteristics of physical activity in leisure time and obesity in brazilians adults and elderly. 15(1), 37-41.
Daria, W. (2021). Elderly consumers as a recipient of innovation. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE MP DRAHOMANOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PEDAGOGY, 42.
Fong, J. H. (2021). Leisure-time physical activity and its correlates in a multi-ethnic sample of adults over age 50 in singapore. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 379. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10431-6
González-Bernal, J. J., Jahouh, M., González-Santos, J., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Fernández-Lázaro, D., Soto-Cámara, R. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2021). Influence of the use of wii games on physical frailty components in institutionalized older adults. 18(5), 2723.
Guo, Y., Fu, Y., & Xu, Y. (2021). Satisfaction with neighbourhood environment moderates the associations between objective neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in older adults in beijing, china. Health Soc Care Community, 29(1), 206-214. doi:10.1111/hsc.13083
Hamdami Khotbesara, S., Doroudian, A. A., Sadat Moshir Estekhareh, Z., & Rezayan Ghayehbashi, A. (2021). Structural analysis of key factors affecting the future status of elderly exercise in iran. Sport Management Studies, 12(64). doi:10.22089/smrj.2020.8838.3009
Jeong, E.-H., & Park, J.-H. (2020). The relationship among leisure activities, depression and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly koreans. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420923449. doi:10.1177/2333721420923449
Lee, E.-L., Shin, M.-J., Ko, M.-H., Lee, B.-J., Jung, D. H., Han, K.-S., & Kim, J. M. J. J. o. t. A. M. D. A. (2021). The effect of information technology convergence gamification training in community-dwelling older people: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial.
Lee, H.-Y., Yu, C.-P., Wu, C.-D., & Pan, W.-C. (2018). The effect of leisure activity diversity and exercise time on the prevention of depression in the middle-aged and elderly residents of taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4). doi:10.3390/ijerph15040654
Lee, M., Lee, S., Robinson, S. R., Parrott, K. R., Lee, M., Lee, S., . . . Sport. (2021). Relationship between physical activity levels and perceived residential environment for rural older adults. 21(3).
Li, J., Hsu, C.-C., & Lin, C.-T. (2019). Leisure participation behavior and psychological well-being of elderly adults: An empirical study of tai chi chuan in china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18). doi:10.3390/ijerph16183387
Li, S., & Dlamini, A. J. W. (2021). Public service demand assessment of health risks of sport exercise for the elderly in henan province. (Preprint), 1-9.
Liang, C., Wu, P.-L., Lee, P.-F., & Ho, C.-C. (2021). Association of regular leisure-time physical activity with happiness among middle-aged and older adults in taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15). doi:10.3390/ijerph18158175
Lin, M. (2021). Leisure innovation for older adults in urban china: Application and reexamination of leisure innovation theory. Leisure Sciences, 1-19. doi:10.1080/01490400.2021.1914246
Liu, Y.-H., Liu, J., Lin, M.-T., & Chen, W.-C. (2020). Participation of senior citizens in somatosensory games: A correlation between the willingness to exercise and happiness. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. doi:10.1007/s12652-020-01918-y
Liu, Z., Kemperman, A., Timmermans, H., & Yang, D. J. J. o. t. g. (2021). Heterogeneity in physical activity participation of older adults: A latent class analysis. 92, 102999.
Maher, J. P., Pincus, A. L., Ram, N., & Conroy, D. E. (2015). Daily physical activity and life satisfaction across adulthood. Dev Psychol, 51(10), 1407-1419. doi:10.1037/dev0000037
McCord, A., Cocks, B., Barreiros, A. R., & Bizo, L. A. (2020). Short video game play improves executive function in the oldest old living in residential care. [Yes]. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 1-8. doi:doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106337
Nawrocka, A., & Mynarski, W. (2017). Objective assessment of adherence to global recommendations on physical activity for health in relation to spirometric values in nonsmoker women aged 60-75 years. J Aging Phys Act, 25(1), 123-127. doi:10.1123/japa.2015-0119
Paudel, S., Owen, A. J., & Smith, B. J. (2021). Socio-ecological influences of leisure-time physical activity among nepalese adults: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1443. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11484-3
Population, & Division. (2019). Revision of world population prospects. Retrieved from New York, NY, USA:
Punyakaew, A., Lersilp, S., & Putthinoi, S. (2019). Active ageing level and time use of elderly persons in a thai suburban community. Occupational Therapy International, 2019, 7092695. doi:10.1155/2019/7092695
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V., Rojo-Pérez, F., & Fernández-Mayoralas, G. (2018). Active ageing in spain: Leisure, community participation and quality of life. In Handbook of leisure, physical activity, sports, recreation and quality of life (pp. 237-257): Springer.
Maurice, P. F., Coughlan, D., Kelly, S. P., Keadle, S. K., Cook, M. B., Carlson, S. A., . . . Matthews, C. E. (2019). Association of leisure-time physical activity across the adult life course with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Netw Open, 2(3), e190355. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0355
Sala, G., Jopp, D., Gobet, F., Ogawa, M., Ishioka, Y., Masui, Y., . . . Gondo, Y. (2019). The impact of leisure activities on older adults' cognitive function, physical function, and mental health. PloS one, 14(11), e0225006-e0225006. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225006
STRÁNSKÁ, M., JANDOVÁ, Z., & KREJČÍ, M. J. A. S. V. (2021). Verification of the four-week intervention program" life in balance" in a selected group of seniors in the online environment during the covid-19 pandemic. 9(1), 25-34.
Williyanto, S., Kusmaedi, N., Sumardiyanto, S., Nugroho, W. A. J. A. J. o. P. E., Sport, Health, & Recreation. (2021). Relationship between sex, age, body mass index, and physical fitness with elderly participation. 10(1), 5-10.
Yu, J., Yang, C., Zhang, S., Zhai, D., Wang, A., & Li, J. (2021). The effect of the built environment on older men′s and women′s leisure-time physical activity in the mid-scale city of jinhua, china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1039. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031039
Yu, T., Fu, M., Zhang, B., Feng, L., Meng, H., Li, X., . . . Zou, Y. (2021). Neighbourhood built environment and leisure-time physical activity: A cross-sectional study in southern china. Eur J Sport Sci, 21(2), 285-292. doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1749311
Yuan, K.-S., & Wu, T.-J. (2021). Environmental stressors and well-being on middle-aged and elderly people: The mediating role of outdoor leisure behaviour and place attachment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13244-7
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