عوامل اقتصادی و جمعیت شناختی موثر بر مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در استان‏های ایران با تاکید بر منحنی سن- مشارکت

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

زهرا میلا علمی ¹ , مهسا خانه کشی ²

1 - استاد/دانشگاه مازندران
2 - دانش آموخته دانشگاه مازندران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/03/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/11/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: آموزش زنان, مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی, روش داده‌های شبه تابلویی, منحنی سن- مشارکت اقتصادی, داده‏های استانی ایران,

چکیده مقاله :

این مطالعه بررسی اثر عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی بر وضعیت فعالیت اقتصادی زنان در مناطق روستایی استان‌های ایران با تاکید بر آموزش و منحنی سن-مشارکت مورد توجه قرار گرفت. از این رو، این پژوهش با استفاده از ریزداده‌های طرح هزینه و درآمد خانوار روستایی در چارچوب داده‌های شبه تابلویی انجام‌گرفت. نتایج حاصل از به‌کارگیری مدل لاجیت و روش حداکثر درستنمایی برای مطالعۀ عوامل موثر بر احتمال مشارکت زنان روستایی، با نمونه‏ای شامل ۲۸۲۶۵ زن روستایی، نشان دهندۀ رابطه‌ای به ‌صورت U وارونه بین سن و احتمال مشارکت زنان بوده‏است؛ به عبارتی، احتمال ورود زنان جوان در گروه سنی 34-25 سال به بازار کار، بیش از سایر گروه‏های سنی بوده‌است. مطلقه، بیوه یا مجرد بودن زن، در مقایسه با متأهل بودن او، بر مشارکت زنان روستایی تاثیر مثبت دارد. بنابراین، با توجه به افزایش نرخ طلاق و نرخ تجرد در ایران، سیاست‏گذار اقتصادی باید به دنبال چاره‏اندیشی و ارائه راه‏کار مناسب در سال‌های پیش‏رو باشد. محصل بودن زنان و حضور فرزند زیر 6 سال در خانوار، بر احتمال مشارکت زنان در بازار کار اثر منفی دارد درحالی‏که اثر سطح آموزش بر مشارکت زنان U شکل است که نشان از دوگانگی بازار کار زنان در اقتصاد ایران دارد. در یک نگاه کلی، با در نظر گرفتن آیینه جمعیتی و فراوانی جمعیت زنان در سنین حدود 35-25 سال، تمایل بیشتر به مشارکت در گروه‌های سنی 34-25 و 44-35 سال و اشتغال بخش قابل توجهی از جمعیت زنان روستایی به تحصیل، در سال‏های پیش‏رو، افزایش مشارکت زنان روستایی در بازار کار، دور از ذهن نیست.

چکیده انگلیسی:

we study the effects of socio-economic and demographic factors on women's economic participation in rural areas of Iran's provinces with emphasis of age-participation curve. Therefore, this study was performed by using the results of the rural households’ income and expenditure survey -has been taken in 2016- in the framework of Pseudo-Panel Data. We used the logit model and the maximum likelihood method to study the rural women's participation, with 28,265 observations. Results show the inverted U-shaped relationship between age and the probability of female participation; In other words, young women are more likely to participate in labor markets more than the other groups. Divorced and single woman has more likely to participate in comparison with who was being married. Therefore, with increasing the divorce rate and singleness in Iran, economic policymakers must provide appropriate solutions for this challenge in the coming years. We found that women studying and the presence of an infant under the age of 6 in the household has a negative effect on the possibility of women's participation in the labor market. The female education has positive effect on their participation rate. In the overlook, considering the demographic mirror and due to the frequency of the women population in the age group of 25 to 35 years, and more willingness of women in the age 35 to 44 years to participate in the labor market, and education of a significant portion of the rural women, the increase of rural female participation is expected in the years ahead.

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