اوقات فراغت و جنسیت: تاملی بر تجربه زیستة دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه شیراز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
حمید حیدری
1
(دکترای جامعه شتاسی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
سیروس منصوری
2
(استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران)
کلید واژه: اوقات فراغت, دانشجویان, جنسیت, آموزش عالی, تجربةزیسته, ساختارهای فراغت,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف هدف پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه تجربه زیستة دانشجویان دختر از اوقات فراغت بود. روش: روش پژوهش نیز پدیدارشناسی انتخاب شد. مشارکتکنندگان بالقوه پژوهش، دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه شیراز بودند که با نمونهگیری هدفمند 23 نفر از آنها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزار گرداوری دادهها، مصاحبه نیمهساختاریافته بود و برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از تکنیک تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. یافتهها: یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که جهت‌گیری فراغتی فردمحور، محدودیت ساختارهای جامعه بر فراغت، بسترهای فراغتی تبعیض آمیز، عدم امنیت در گذران اوقات فراغت و جهت‌گیری اقتصاد محورِ فراغت، مضامین اصلی در الگوهای فراغتی دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز را شکل میدهند. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، تمایل به انتخاب فراغت غیرفعال و جهت‌گیری‌های فراغتی آزادانه و انتخابی، عواملی هستند که جهت‌گیری فراغتی فردمحور، را توضیح میدهند. جنبههای مذهبی، محدودیت‌های عرفی-فرهنگی و محدودیت‌های ساختارِ سیاسی، به‌عنوان محدودیت ساختارهای جامعه بر الگوهای فراغت، شناسایی شده‌اند. تخصیص امکانات نابرابر، محدودیت در تنوع فراغت و نگاه فرهنگی، بسترهای فراغتی تبعیضآمیز هستند که فراغتِ آنها را شکل می‌دهد. عدم امنیت ذهنی- ساختاری و عدم امنیت مکانی و زمانی، محدویت دانشجویان دختر را از عدم امنیت در گذران اوقات فراغت درک‌پذیر می‌کنند. همچنین تمایز طبقاتی و جهت‌دهی فراغتی نیز جهت‌گیری اقتصادمحورِ فراغت دانشجویان را معرفی می‌کند. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش به سیاستگذاران فرهنگی و فراغتی توصیه میشود تا اقدامات مورد نیاز را جهت رفع موانع ساختاری و ذهنی شکل گرفته در بین دانشجویان در حوزه فراغت، انجام دهند تا در این زمینه احساس تبعیض در بین دختران کاهش یابد.
The aim of this study was to study the lived experience of female students at Shiraz about leisure time. The research approach used in the study was qualitative and also strategy was phenomenology. Potential participants in the study were female students at Shiraz University who were studied through purposive sampling based on the theoretical saturation rule. Data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and also thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. Findings indicate that individual-oriented leisure orientation, limitation of community structures on leisure time, discriminatory leisure contexts, insecurity in leisure and economy-oriented leisure orientation are the main themes in the leisure patterns of Shiraz University students. Based on the research findings, the tendency to choose passive leisure and freely and selectively leisure orientations are the factors that explain the individual-oriented leisure orientation. Religious limitations, customary-cultural limitations, and political structure limitations have been identified as limitations on community structures over leisure time. Allocation of unequal facilities, limitations on leisure diversity and cultural perspectives are discriminatory leisure time. Mental-structural insecurity and nonsecurity in space and time explain the limitations of female students from insecurity in leisure time. Class distinction and leisure orientation also introduce students' economy-oriented leisure time. According to the research results it is expected that policy makers in the field of culture in general and policy makers in higher education based on research results to provide spaces to improve students' leisure time.
- Tokay Argan, M., & Mersin, S. (2020). Life satisfaction, life quality, and leisure satisfaction in healthprofessionals. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.
- Mutz, M., Reimers, A. K., & Demetriou, Y. (2020). Leisure time sports activities and life satisfaction: deeper insights based on a representative survey from Germany. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-17.
- Yerkes, M. A., Roeters, A., & Baxter, J. (2020). Gender differences in the quality of leisure: A cross-national comparison. Community, Work & Family, 23(4), 367-384.
- Zanjari N, Sadeghi R, Delbari A. (2019). Analysis of Gender Differences in Time Use Among Iranian Older Adults. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019; 13 (5) :588-603.
- Seyedan, F. (2019). Needs Assessment of Leisure Needs of Male and Female Members of Student Organization in Tehran. QJFR, 16 (3): 125-152
- Khan, S. (2011). Gendered Leisure: Are Women More Constrained in Travel for Lesiure?, Tourismos: An International Multidiscilinary Journal of Tourism, 6(1): 105-121.
- Weinberg, L. (2019). The Rationalization of Leisure: Marxist Feminism and the Fantasy of Machine Subordination. Lateral, 8(1).
- Shaw, S. M. (2001). Conceptualizing resistance: Women's leisure as political practice. Journal of leisure research, 33(2), 186-201.
- Day, Kirsten. (2001), Constructing masculinity and women’s fear in public space in Irvine, California, Gender, Place and Culture, 8: 109-127.
- Leitner, M. J. and. Leitner, S. F. (2004). Leisure Enhancement, third edition, New York: The Haworth press.
- Marzoorghi, R & Mansoori, S. (2016). Qualitative content analysis of elementary textbooks based on gender orientation, Women in Development and Politics, 13(4), 469-485.
- Abedini Baltork, M. & Mansoori, S. (2018). Identifying and Leveling the Barriers to Women's Promotion in Managerial Posts in Iranian Educational System based on Interpretative Structural Modeling, Women in Development and Politics, 16(3), 397-414
- Feizy, T. Mooghali, A. Rafiee, M. Hoseini, S. (2015). The Study of the Situation of Women Promotion Indicators to Managerial Positions at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Sjimu, 23 (5):111-119
- Sharaf al-Din, S. H. (2015). The Ahl al-Bayt's Life Style in Entertainments and Leisure Time, Islam & Psychology, 9(16): 27-54.
- Bankipoorfard, A.H. & Rabbani Esfahani, H. (2014). Leisure spending style from the perspective of social scientists and Islamic perspectives, Islamic Social Studies, 20(1): 103-121.
- Shaw, S. M. (1997). Controversies and contradictions in family leisure: An analysis of conflicting paradigms. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(1), 98-112.
- Azad Armaki, T. & Akbari, H. (2012). The Understanding of The Quality of The Iranian Society on The Basis of Young Generation’s Leisure Time, quarterly of social studies and research in Iran, 1(2), 1-22.
Moghadas, A. & Soroush, M. (2012). Life Social Space: Recreational Activites of Women in Shiraz, Iranian journal of Social Probles, 2(5&6), 41-68
Rafatjah, M. (2011). Leisure and Cultural Norms,. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 4(1), 151-220
- Rafatjah, M. (2009). Young girl and Leisure Time, Journal of Young Studes, 13:151-174
- Shaw, S. M. (1991). Women's leisure time—using time budget data to examine current trends and future predictions. Leisure Studies, 10(2), 171-181.
- Shaw, S. M., Kleiber, D. A., & Caldwell, L. L. (1995). Leisure and identity formation in male and female adolescents: A preliminary examination. Journal of leisure research, 27(3), 245-263.
Kalantari, A; Rostamalizade, V & Nasimafza, A. (2013). Education and Cultural Consumption in Tehran, Quarterly of social Studies and Research in Iran, 2(1), 111-131
- Scraton, S., & Watson, B. (1998). Gendered cities: Women and public leisure space in the ‘postmodern city’. Leisure studies, 17(2), 123-137.
- Green, E. (1998), ‘Women Doing Friendship’: an analysis of women’s leisure as a site of identity construction, empowerment and resistance. Leisure Studies, 17: 171-185
- Henderson, K. A. and Bialeschki, M. D. (2010). Special Issue: People and Nature based Recreation, Leisure Sciences,32(1): 1-107.
- Ebrahimi, Gh & Moslemi Petroodi, R(2012). Leisure, Cultural capital, and Women (Case Study of Juybar Town), women in development and politics, 9(4), 73-91.
- Sadeghi R, Balali E, Mohammadpur A. Social Inequality in Leisure Time. refahj. 2011; 10 (39) :357-389
- Rabbani, R., Shiri, H. (2010). Leisure Time and Social Identity. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 2(4), 209-242.
- Edrisi, A; Rahmani Khalili, E; Hosseini S. N (2011). Bourdieu's Theoretical Approach for Understanding the Relationship between Cultural Capital of Student Families and their Leisure Taste(A Case Study of the Students in Tehran University), Quarterly Journal of Sociological Studies of Youth, 2(5), 27-50
- Saffari, M. (2020). Analysis of Women's Place Identity and Dependence in Leisure Activities. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 11(42), 135-154.
- Kiani Salmi, S. (2020). Investigating and Explaining the Model of Spending Leisure Time, Measuring Attitudes and Identifying Barriers in Leisure Tourism Spaces for Women (Case study: Kashan). journal of policing& social studies of women & family(pssw), 8(2), 493-522.
- Jafari Haftkhani, N., Rezania, S., Saffari, M. (2020). Women's leisure in metropolitan areas; Explaining the leisure issues of married women in Tehran. Urban Sociological Studies, 10(34), 123-150.
- Wegner, Lisa & J. Flisher, Alan & Muller, Martie & Lombard, Carl (2006), Leisure Boredom and Substance Use Among High School Students in South Africa, Journal of Leisure Reeearch, 38(2):249-266.
- Rosewarne, L. (2005), The men’s gallery: Outdoor advertising and public space: Gender, fear, and feminism, Women’s Studies International Forum, 28: 67-78.
- Carlos Monterrubio, J. (2009), Identity and sex: Concurrent aspects of gay tourism, Tourismos, 4(2): 155-168.
- Keane, C. (1998). Evaluating the influence of fear of crime as an environmental mobility restrictor on women's routine activities. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 60-74.
- Jackson E. L & Henderson K. A. (1995). Gender Based Analysis Of Leisure Constraints, Leisure Sciences, 17: 31-51.
- Rubiano-Matulevich, E., & Viollaz, M. (2019). Gender differences in time use: Allocating time between the market and the household. The World Bank.
- Sjolie A. N, Thuen, F. (2002). School journeys and leisure activities in rural and urban adolescents in Norway,Health Promot Int,17(1): 21-30.
- Khaje Noory, B., Hasheminia, F. (2010). Investigating the Relationship between
- Leisure Activities and Juvenile Delinquency:The Case of High School Students in Shiraz. Journal Of Social Sciences, 7(1), 31-57
- Shaw, S. M. (1994). Gender, Leisure, and Constraint: Towards a Framework for the Analysis of Women’s Leisure.” Journal of Leisure Research, 26(1): 8-22.
_||_