تحلیل محتوای استراتژی امنیت ملی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا در قبال چین (2001-2021)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

حسین مذنب ¹ , محمدرضا قائدی ² , رضا سیمبر ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه روابط بین‌الملل، واحد بین‌الملل کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.
3 - استاد گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: استراتژی امنیت ملی, ایالات‌متحده آمریکا, چین,

چکیده مقاله :

از آنجا که کشور چین، پس از آمریکا در حال تبدیل شدن به مهم‌ترین قدرت‌ اقتصادی و نظامی در سطح جهانی است؛ هدف از نگارش این مقاله، تجزیه و تحلیل استراتژی‌های امنیت ملی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا در قبال چین (2001-2021) است تا مشخص گردد که آمریکا در این استراتژی‌ها چگونه با چین رفتار کرده و خواهد کرد(تقابل یا همکاری یا هردو)در پاسخ فرضیه مطرح شده آن است که «افزایش وابستگی متقابل میان کشورها احتمال وقوع درگیری میان آن‌ها را کاهش می‌دهد. از همین رو همکاری در عرصه‌های اقتصادی و تجاری، موجب می‌شود کشورها فایده بیشتری ببرند و هم‌زمان دریابند که هزینه منازعه افزایش یافته است». به این منظور از روش تحقیق تحلیل محتوای تلفیقی(کمی و کیفی) و نرم‌افزار MAXQDA بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج نشان داد: در بخش کمی بیشترین درصد کلمات و پاراگراف‌های بکار رفته در مورد چین در سال 2021 بوده و در بخش کیفی استراتژی‌ها آن بود که کشور آمریکا از سال 2001 کشور چین را به عنوان یک بازیگر متعهد جهانی و ادغام در سیستم جهانی تشویق به همکاری کرده اما به مرور به استراتژی تقابل و مهار همه جانبه چین و استقبال از همکاری به صورت همزمان روی آورده است. رقابت و همکاری میان این دو کشور اگرچه گاهی با خصومت و تنش در عرصه‌های مختلف نظامی، سیاسی همراه بوده اما در ارتباط با تبادلات اقتصادی به شکل ناباورانه‌ای درهم ‌تنیده شده، به شکلی که میزان مبادلات چین با آمریکا به 700 میلیارد دلار در سال رسیده است؛ این دو کشور به جای منازعه به سمت همکاری همه‌جانبه نیل پیدا کرده‌اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Since China is becoming the most important economic and military power in the world after America; The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the national security strategies of the United States of America towards China (2001-2021) in order to determine how the United States behaved and will behave with China in these strategies (confrontation or cooperation or both) in response to the hypothesis that "increasing interdependence between countries reduces the possibility of conflict between them." Therefore, cooperation in the economic and commercial fields makes countries benefit more and at the same time realize that the cost of conflict has increased. For this purpose, integrated content analysis research method (quantitative and qualitative) and MAXQDA software have been used. The results showed: In the quantitative part, the highest percentage of words and paragraphs used was about China in 2021, and in the qualitative part of the strategies, it was that since 2001, the United States has encouraged China to cooperate as a committed global player and integration into the world system, but over time, it has turned to the strategy of confronting and containing China and welcoming cooperation at the same time. The competition and cooperation between these two countries, although sometimes accompanied by hostility and tension in various military and political fields, but in connection with economic exchanges, they are incredibly intertwined, in such a way that the amount of exchanges between China and the United States has reached 700 billion dollars per year; Instead of conflict, these two countries have reached comprehensive cooperation.

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