رابطه عوامل موثر بر درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی توسط صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
خلیل صفری
1
,
علی محمد احمدی قراچه
2
,
فرزاد محمدجانی
3
1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی و فن‌آوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/04/23
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/16
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01
کلید واژه:
حکمرانی‌خوب,
نگرش به فرصت‌های اقتصادی,
کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط,
اقتصاد دانش محور,
چکیده مقاله :
تصمیم‌گیری در مورد شروع یک کسب و کار جدید و یا توسعه آن، تحت تاثیر نقش‌های آشکار و پنهان زمینه و فضای کسب و کار و در نتیجه چگونگی درک آن نقش‌ها توسط افراد و کارآفرینان است. چرا که درک جمعی از یک زمینه خاص، موجب ایجاد فرهنگی می‌شود که بستر فعالیت‌های کارآفرینی را تشکیل می‌دهد. در این تحقیق با توجه به بستر مورد مطالعه و اقتصاد دولتی ایران، تاثیر حکمرانی‌خوب بر روی چگونگی درک و نگرش کارآفرینان نسبت به فرصت‌های اقتصادی با توجه به نقش میانجی اقتصاد مبتنی بر دانش با استفاده از روش مدل معادلات ساختاری و تکنیک تحلیل مسیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور نمونه‌ای 366 نفره از صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌بندی شده استخراج گردید. نتایج حاکی از آن است که متغیر حکمرانی‌خوب هم دارای اثر مستقیم (0.414) و هم اثر غیرمستقیم (0.318) از طریق میانجی‌گری متغیر اقتصاد دانش محور بر چگونگی درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی است. لذا اثر میانجی جزیی متغیر اقتصاد دانش‌محور در رابطه بین حکمرانی خوب و درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی مورد تایید واقع می‌شود. از این رو انتظار می‌رود با تقویت عوامل حکمرانی‌خوب هم بتوان بستر مناسب برای توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌محور و هم درک مناسب از فرصت‌های اقتصادی و در نتیجه شرایط مناسب برای توسعه کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط را ایجاد نمود. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر آن است که سرمایه‌گذاری بر روی ایجاد حاکمیت قانون و کنترل فساد و همچنین ایجاد اعتماد و انسجام اجتماعی می‌تواند درک بهتری را نسبت به فضای کسب و کار و بالطبع بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌های اقتصادی در بین کارآفرینان و صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط استان فارس ایجاد نماید. نتایج بیانگر این است که حکمرانی خوب به عنوان بخش کلان و شناختی سرمایه اجتماعی، تاثیر بسیار زیادی بر بهبود درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی کارآفرینان و صاحبان کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط در استان فارس دارد. چرا که در مجموع، متغیرهای حکمرانی خوب و اقتصاد دانش‌محور قادر هستند 62% تغییرات متغیر درک فرصت‌های اقتصادی را تبیین نمایند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The decision to start or develop a new business is influenced significantly by the overt and covert context of the business environment and consequently how individuals and entrepreneurs perceive those plans and contexts. Because a collective understanding of a particular field creates a culture that forms the basis of entrepreneurial activities. In this study, according to the study context and Iranian governmental economy, the effect of good governance on how entrepreneurs perceive and attitude towards economic opportunities with respect to the mediating role of the knowledge-based economy has been investigated. For this purpose, a sample of 366 small and medium business owners in Fars province was extracted using a stratified sampling method. The results indicate that the good governance variable has both a direct (0.414) and an indirect (0.318) effect through the mediation of the knowledge-based economy variable on how to perceive economic opportunities. So, the partial mediating effect of the knowledge-based economy variable in the relationship between good governance and understanding of economic opportunities is confirmed. Therefore, it is expected that by strengthening the factors of good governance, it will be possible to create a suitable platform for the development of a knowledge-based economy and a proper understanding of economic opportunities and, consequently, suitable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The results show that investing in establishing the rule of law and controlling corruption, as well as building trust and social cohesion can create a better understanding of the business environment and, of course, the exploitation of economic opportunities among entrepreneurs and SMEs owners in the Fars province. The results, also indicate that good governance as a macro and cognitive sector of social capital has a great impact on improving the understanding of economic opportunities of entrepreneurs SMEs’ owners in Fars province because, in total, the variables of good governance and knowledge-based economy are able to explain 62% of the changes in the variable of perception of economic opportunities.
منابع و مأخذ:
Zeithaml, V. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2–22.
Altenburg, T., & Drachenfels, C. von. (2008). Creating an enabling environment for private sector development in sub-Saharan Africa. Vienna.
Amiri, A., Amoozgar, S., & Aref, M. (2020). Explaining the relationship between development and security in Iran’s provinces. Journal of Regional Planning, 10(40), 15-34.
Amavilah, V., Asongu, S. A., & Andrés, A. R. (2017). Effects of globalization on peace and stability: Implications for governance and the knowledge economy of African countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change.
Amin Bidakhti, A., & Nazari, M. (2009). Provide a theoretical model for institutionalizing the components of social capital to improve economic performance. Development Strategy, Tehran, (19), 53–75. [In Persian]
Andrés, A. R., Asongu, S. A., & Amavilah, V. (2015). The impact of formal institutions on knowledge economy. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(4), 1034–1062.
Barghi Oskouei, M. M., Salmani, B., & Saemi, R. (2020). Investigating the impact of investment in research and development on export performance of enterprises in provinces of Iran. Journal of Regional Planning, 10(40), 67-84. [In Persian]
Baseri, B., Asghari, N., & Kia, M. (2011). Comparative analysis of the role of components of knowledge-based economy on economic growth. Iranian Economic Research Quarterly, Tehran, 16 (47), 1–29. [In Persian]
Bashiri, A., & Shaqaqi Shahri, V. (2011). Good governance, corruption and economic growth, an economic approach to good governance. Business Reviews, Tehran, (48), 69–81. [In Persian]
Beugelsdijk, S., & van Schaik, T. (2005). Social capital and growth in European regions: an empirical test. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(2), 301–324.
Chen, D., & Dahlman, C. J. (2005). The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and World Bank operations. World Bank Institute Working Paper.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 195–212.
Choi, J. N., & Chang, J. Y. (2009). Innovation implementation in the public sector: an integration of institutional and collective dynamics. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 245–253.
Cuervo, A. (2005). Individual and Environmental Determinants of Entrepreneurship. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(3), 293–311.
Entrialgo, M., Fernández, E., & Vázquez, C. J. (2001). The Effect of the Organizational Context on SME’s Entrepreneurship: Some Spanish Evidence. Small Business Economics, 16(3), 223–236.
Eschenbach, F., & Hoekman, B. (2006). Services policy reform and economic growth in transition economies, 1990-2004.
Fortunato, M., & Clevenger, M. (2017). Toward Entrepreneurial Community Development: Leaping Cultural and Leadership Boundaries (first, Vol. 11). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Gathungu, J., & Mwangi, P. W. (2014). Entrepreneurial Intention, Culture, Gender and New Venture Creation: Critical Review. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 4(2), 112–132.
Henisz, W. J. (2000). The institutional environment for economic growth. Economics & Politics, 12(1), 1–31.
Herger, N., Hodler, R., & Lobsiger, M. (2008). What Determines Financial Development? Culture, Institutions or Trade. Review of World Economics, 144(3), 558–587.
Homayounifar, R., & Shafiei Sabet, N. (2021). Investigating the Factors Affecting Administrative Corruption in Selected Oil-producing Countries with a Regional Development Planning Approach: Using the Quantile Panel Model. Journal of Regional Planning, 11(41), 1-14. [In Persian]
Hopp, C., & Stephan, U. (2012). The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9–10), 917–945.
Islam, S. M. N., & Clarke, M. (2002). The relationship between economic development and social welfare: A new adjusted GDP measure of welfare. Social Indicators Research, 57(2), 201–229.
Jafari Eskandari, M., Ali Ahmadi, A., Khaleghi, G., & Heidari, M. (2010). Assessing Iran's industrial business environment in support of the private sector with a balanced scorecard approach. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Production Management, 21(2), 37–52. [In Persian]
Khan, E. A., & Quaddus, M. (2015). Examining the influence of business environment on socio-economic performance of informal microenterprises. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35(3/4), 273–288.
Law, S. H., & Azman-Saini, W. N. W. (2012). Institutional quality, governance, and financial development. Economics of Governance, 13(3), 217–236.
Lee, J.-W., & W. Tai, S. (2010). Motivators and inhibitors of entrepreneurship and small business development in Kazakhstan. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 6, 61–75.
Lucas Jr, R. E. (1978). On the size distribution of business firms. The Bell Journal of Economics, 508–523.
Malhotra, Y. (2003). Measuring knowledge assets of a nation: knowledge systems for development. In Research Papers prepared for the Invited Keynote Presentation at meeting „Knowledge Systems for Development (p. 52). Citeseer.
McGrath, R. G., MacMillan, I. C., & Scheinberg, S. (1992). Elitists, risk-takers, and rugged individualists? An exploratory analysis of cultural differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(2), 115–135.
Moradi, M., Jafarinezhad, M., Azin, A., & Golshani, A. (2021). Investigating the Role of Social capital in Political and Social Development of Iran after Islamic Revolution. Journal of Regional Planning, 11(41), 185-198. [In Persian]
North, D. (1995). The New Institutional Economics and Development (pp. 17–26).
Pourrostami, N. (2011). The role of legal (public) and regulatory institutions in financial development-emphasizing banking sector. Iranian Economic Research, 16(48), 55–85. [In Persian]
Rizzello, S. (2000). Economic Change, Subjective Perception and Institutional Evolution. Metroeconomica, 51(2), 127–150.
Rocha, E. A. G. (2012). The Impact of the Business Environment on the Size of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Sector; Preliminary Findings from a Cross-Country Comparison. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4(Icsmed), 335–349.
Roe, M. J., & Siegel, J. I. (2011). Political instability: Effects on financial development, roots in the severity of economic inequality. Journal of Comparative Economics, 39(3), 279–309.
Sabbagh Kermani, M., & Baskha, M. (2009). The role of the capital market in improving the functioning of government spending: A case study of the health and education sector in Islamic countries. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, Tehran, (86), 101–121. [In Persian]
Safari, K. (2016). Designing a model to improve the understanding of the business environment in small and medium-sized industries (Case study: small and medium-sized business industries in Fars province). Graduate Center of Payame Noor University, Tehran. [In Persian]
Safari, K., Danai, H., Mahmoodi, M., & Parhizgar, M. (2016). Effective Factors in Improving Iran’s Perceived Business Environment. Journal of Administrative Management, Education and Training (JAMET), 12(6), 378–390. [In Persian]
Sahabi, B., Etesami, M., & Aminpour, H. (2013). Investigating the effect of good governance and government size on financial development in selected countries. Economic Growth and Development Research, Tehran, 3 (12), 105–118. [In Persian]
Samadi, A. (2009). Social Capital and Financial Development: Iran's Economy (1971-2006). Economic Research, Tehran, 44 (88), 117–144. [In Persian]
Smallbone, D., & Welter, F. (2010). Entrepreneurship and government policy in former Soviet republics: Belarus and Estonia compared. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 28(2), 195–210.
Smith, K. G., Collins, C. J., & Clark, K. D. (2005). Existing Knowledge, Knowledge Creation Capability, And The Rate Of New Product Introduction In High-Technology Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 48(2), 346–357.
Tadros, M. E. (2015). The Arab Gulf States and the Knowledge Economy: Challenges and Opportunities. Washington. Retrieved from www.agsiw.org.
Thai, M. T. T., & Turkina, E. (2014). Macro-level determinants of formal entrepreneurship versus informal entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(4), 490–510.
The World Bank. (2005). World development report 2005 A Better Investment Climate for Everyone. Washington.
Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing Entrepreneurship-Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165–184.
Yang, B. (2011). Does democracy foster financial development? An empirical analysis. Economics Letters, 112(3), 262–265.
_||_
