شناسایی پهنه‌های خطر ناشی از زمین‌لغزش در سکونتگاههای روستایی شهرستان داراب
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
بابک اجتماعی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران. ایران.)
کلید واژه: GIS, پهنه‌بندی, لایه‌های اطلاعاتی, زمین‌لغزش, سکونتگاههای روستایی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به تأثیرات منفی که زمین‌لغزش‌ها بر سکونتگاههای روستایی و شـهری و منـابع طبیعـی دارنـد، شناسایی مناطق مستعد وقوع زمین‌لغزش امری بسیار ضروری برای جلوگیری از چنین خسارت‌هایی بشـمار می‌رود. در قسمت شمالی شهرستان داراب، سازندهای شیل در معرض فرسایش شدید بوده و زمین‌لغزش‌های قبلی در محدوده منطقه را به وجود آورده است. با از بین رفتن پوشش مرتعی و جنگلی در این محدوده زمینه برای زمین‌لغزش مستعد شده است و خطراتی برای روستاهای این محدوده ایجاد شده است و 21 آبادی از سکونتگاههای روستایی در همین محدوده قرارگرفته است. لذا، می‌طلبد با تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی زمین‌لغزش، سکونتگاههای روستایی در معرض خطر شناسایی شود. برای تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی از ترکیب لایه‌های اطلاعاتی مؤثر در زمین‌لغزش شامل لایه‌های فاصله از گسل، شیب، بارش، جهت شیب، لیتولوژی، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از آبراهه، ارتفاع در محیطGIS استفاده شده است. سپس با روشANP وزن لایه‌ها به‌دست‌آمده است. درنهایت، نقشه پهنه‌بندی در 5 طبقه با پتانسیل خطر زمین‌لغزش خیلی زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و خیلی کم بر اساس سکونتگاههای روستایی شهرستان تهیه شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد مناطق پرخطر منطبق با مناطق فاقد پوشش یا پوشش گیاهی کم، نزدیکی به آبراهه‌ها و گسل و شیب‌های بین 20 تا 30 درجه می‌باشد. هم‌چنین، نتایج بیان‌کننده آن است که حدود 16 درصد منطقه که بیش‌تر شامل شمال و شمال شرق و شمال غرب بوده در معرض خطر زیاد قرار دارند که101 آبادی را در خود جای داده‌اند. تقریباً تمامی لغزش‌های قبلی در مناطق با خطر زیاد و خیلی زیاد اتفاق افتاده است که نشان‌دهنده صحت مدلANP در تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی بوده است.هم‌چنین، بر اساس سطح زیر منحنی راک (AUC=/834) صحت نتایج به‌دست‌آمده مورد تائید قرار گرفت.
Due to the negative effects of landslides on rural and urban settlements and natural resources, identifying areas prone to landslides is very important to prevent such damage. In the northern part of Darab city, shale formations are exposed to severe erosion and have caused previous landslides in the area. has done. 21 villages of rural settlements are located in the same area. Therefore, it seeks to identify endangered rural settlements by preparing a landslide zoning map. To prepare the zoning map, a combination of effective information layers in landslides including layers of distance from the fault, slope, precipitation, slope direction, lithology, land use, distance from the waterway, height in the GIS environment has been used. Then the weight of layers has been obtained by the ANP method. Finally, the zoning map in 5 classes with very high, high, medium, low, and very low landslide risk potential was prepared based on the rural settlements of the city. Findings show that high-risk areas are consistent with areas without cover or low vegetation, proximity to waterways and faults, and slopes between 20 to 30 degrees. The results also show that about 16% of the area, which is mostly north and northeast. And are in the northwest and are at high risk, which includes 101 villages. Almost all previous landslides have occurred in high-risk and very high areas, which indicates the accuracy of the ANP model in preparing the zoning map. Also, based on the area under the rocking curve (AUC = / 834), the accuracy of the results was confirmed.
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