پیش‌بینی اضطراب کرونای فرزندان بر اساس ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت و تعامل والد – کودک
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانوادهروشنک امینی فر 1 , مهدی اقاپور 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران ، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی ، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی ، اهر، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول )
کلید واژه: اضطراب, کرونا, تعامل والد – کودک, روان‌شناختی مثبت,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین رابطه بین ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت و تعامل والد - کودک با اضطراب کرونای فرزندان بود. روش پژوهش پیمایش از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری ، والدین دارای دانش آموز در مقطع ابتدایی در ناحیه 2 تبریز در سال 1400-1399 بودند. با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی در دسترس تعداد 380 نفر از آنان انتخاب شدند و از پرسشنامه ویژگی‌های روانشناسی مثبت رشید (2008)، پرسشنامه رابطه والد - کودک پیانتا (2011) و پرسشنامه اضطراب کرونا علی پور (1398) برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت (187/0- = r و 01/0 > p) و تعامل والد – کودک (132/0- = r و 01/0 > p) می‌توانند تغییرات مربوط به اضطراب کرونای فرزندان را به‌خوبی پیش بینی نمایند. از بین متغیرهای پیش بین، به‌جز متغیر زندگی خوشایند، سایر متغیرها ارتباط معنی دار با اضطراب ناشی از کرونا داشتند (01/0 > p). همچنین، ارتباط زندگی مسئولانه، زندگی معنادار و عامل نزدیکی با اضطراب ناشی از کرونا منفی و ارتباط تعارض و عامل وابستگی با اضطراب ناشی از کرونا مثبت بود. بنابراین، نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن بود که ویژگی‌های روانشناسی مثبت و رابطه مثبت کلی والد – کودک میزان اضطراب ناشی از کرونا را در بین فرزندان کاهش می‌دهد. بر این اساس، با توجه به تداوم همه گیری کرونا، ضروری است که مدیران، مسئولان و مشاوران مدارس، با تهیه بروشور و کتابچه های علمی، روان‌درمانی مثبت نگر و بهبود روابط والد - کودک را به والدین آموزش دهند و از این طریق، جهت کاهش اضطراب دانش آموزان گامی عملی بردارند.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction with children's corona anxiety. The research method was a correlation survey. The statistical population was the parents of primary school students in the 2nd district of Tabriz in 1399-1400. Using systematic random sampling, 380 people were selected and Rashid's Positive Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire, Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire, and Corona Alipour's Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction can predict the changes related to children's corona anxiety. Among the predictor variables, except the pleasant life variable, other variables had a significant relationship with the anxiety caused by Corona. Also, the relationship between responsible life, meaningful life, and closeness factor was negative with anxiety caused by Corona, and the relationship between conflict and dependency factor was positive with anxiety caused by Corona.
Abareshi, Z., Tahmasian, K., Mazaheri, M. A., & Panaghi, L. (2009). The impact of psychosocial Child Development training program, done through improvement of mother-child interaction, on parental self-efficacy and relationship between mother and child under three. Research in psychological health, 3(3), 49-58.
Abedi Shapoorabadi, S., Pourmohammedrezai-Tajrishi, M., Mohammadkhani, P., & Farzi, M. (2011). Effectiveness of positive parenting group program on mother-child relationship in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 63-73.
Alipour, A., Gadami, A., Alipour, Z., & Abdulzadeh, H. (2019). Preliminary validation of the Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample. Scientific Journal of Health Psychology, 32, 163-175.
Barnett, M., Brookman-Frazee, L., Yu, S. H., & Lind, T. (2021). train-to-sustain: predictors of sustainment in a large-scale implementation of parent-child interaction therapy. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 6(2), 262-276.
Bogoch, I., Watts, A., Thomas-Bachli, A., Huber, C., Kraemer, M. U., & Khan, K. (2020). Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(2), 8-14.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., & Dong, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 20, 112934.
Holm-Hadulla, R. M. (2020) Creativity and positive psychology in psychotherapy. International Review of Psychiatry, 32, 616-624.
Jalloh, M. F., Li, W., Bunnell, R. E., Ethier, K. A., O’Leary, A., & Hageman, K. M. (2018). Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ global health; 3(2), 471.
Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020) Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102239.
Lau, J. T., Griffiths, S., Choi, K. C., & Tsui, H. Y. (2010). Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. BMC Infectious Diseases, 10(1), 139.
Lu, H., Stratton, C. W., & Tang, Y. W. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of medical virology, 92(4), 401-412.
Nafar, Z., & Ghalami, Z. (2022). Developing the Coronavirus Anxiety Model Based on Parental Distress, Hope for the Future, and Obsessive Behaviors Mediated by Fear of Death. Journal of Family Research, 18(1), 155-175.
Phillips, S., & Mychailyszyn, M. (2021). A review of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Applications for youth anxiety. Children and Youth Services Review, 125, 105986.
Pirnia, B., Najafi, E., Lashkari, A., & Saber Majidi, G. (2017). Evaluation of parent-child interaction therapy on anxiety level in pre-elementary school children: a randomized controlled trial. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 167-176.
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2), 233-247.
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2013). Positive psychotherapy: A treatment manual. New York: Oxford University Press.
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 1-7.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist Journal, 61(8), 774-788.
Shahyad, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2019). Psychological effects of the spread of the Covid-19 disease on the mental health of the community. Military Medicine Journal, 22, 184-192
Shiralynia, K., Yazdi, M., & Aslani, K. (2018). The mediating role of parenting stress, the quality of mother-child relationships and mental health in the relationship between mindful parenting and behavioral problems. Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture Quarterly, 10, 135-146.
Shirzadi, P., Amini Shirazi, N., & Asgharpour Lashkami, Z. (2019). The relationship between Corona anxiety in mothers and parent-child interaction and children's aggression during quarantine. Family Studies, 16, 139-154
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., & Al-Jabir, A. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76.
Spitzenstätter, D., & Schnell, T. (2020). The existential dimension of the pandemic: Death attitudes, personal worldview, and coronavirus anxiety. Death Studies, 46, 1031-1041.
Tweed, R. G., Mah, E., & Conway, L. (2021). Bringing coherence to positive psychology: Faith in humanity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(3), 298-309.
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., & Ho, C. S. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the Covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395, 945-947.
Wong, P. T. P. (2020) Existential positive psychology and integrative meaning therapy. International Review of Psychiatry, 32, 565-578.
Yousefi Afrashte, M., Sadeghi, Z., Nouri, F., & Rostagarifar, S. (2018). The relationship between positive psychology characteristics and health anxiety in middle-aged people, the first Iranian congress of positive psychology, Tehran.
_||_Abareshi, Z., Tahmasian, K., Mazaheri, M. A., & Panaghi, L. (2009). The impact of psychosocial Child Development training program, done through improvement of mother-child interaction, on parental self-efficacy and relationship between mother and child under three. Research in psychological health, 3(3), 49-58.
Abedi Shapoorabadi, S., Pourmohammedrezai-Tajrishi, M., Mohammadkhani, P., & Farzi, M. (2011). Effectiveness of positive parenting group program on mother-child relationship in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 63-73.
Alipour, A., Gadami, A., Alipour, Z., & Abdulzadeh, H. (2019). Preliminary validation of the Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample. Scientific Journal of Health Psychology, 32, 163-175.
Barnett, M., Brookman-Frazee, L., Yu, S. H., & Lind, T. (2021). train-to-sustain: predictors of sustainment in a large-scale implementation of parent-child interaction therapy. Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 6(2), 262-276.
Bogoch, I., Watts, A., Thomas-Bachli, A., Huber, C., Kraemer, M. U., & Khan, K. (2020). Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(2), 8-14.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., & Dong, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 20, 112934.
Holm-Hadulla, R. M. (2020) Creativity and positive psychology in psychotherapy. International Review of Psychiatry, 32, 616-624.
Jalloh, M. F., Li, W., Bunnell, R. E., Ethier, K. A., O’Leary, A., & Hageman, K. M. (2018). Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ global health; 3(2), 471.
Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020) Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102239.
Lau, J. T., Griffiths, S., Choi, K. C., & Tsui, H. Y. (2010). Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong. BMC Infectious Diseases, 10(1), 139.
Lu, H., Stratton, C. W., & Tang, Y. W. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of medical virology, 92(4), 401-412.
Nafar, Z., & Ghalami, Z. (2022). Developing the Coronavirus Anxiety Model Based on Parental Distress, Hope for the Future, and Obsessive Behaviors Mediated by Fear of Death. Journal of Family Research, 18(1), 155-175.
Phillips, S., & Mychailyszyn, M. (2021). A review of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Applications for youth anxiety. Children and Youth Services Review, 125, 105986.
Pirnia, B., Najafi, E., Lashkari, A., & Saber Majidi, G. (2017). Evaluation of parent-child interaction therapy on anxiety level in pre-elementary school children: a randomized controlled trial. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 167-176.
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2), 233-247.
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2013). Positive psychotherapy: A treatment manual. New York: Oxford University Press.
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 1-7.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist Journal, 61(8), 774-788.
Shahyad, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2019). Psychological effects of the spread of the Covid-19 disease on the mental health of the community. Military Medicine Journal, 22, 184-192
Shiralynia, K., Yazdi, M., & Aslani, K. (2018). The mediating role of parenting stress, the quality of mother-child relationships and mental health in the relationship between mindful parenting and behavioral problems. Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture Quarterly, 10, 135-146.
Shirzadi, P., Amini Shirazi, N., & Asgharpour Lashkami, Z. (2019). The relationship between Corona anxiety in mothers and parent-child interaction and children's aggression during quarantine. Family Studies, 16, 139-154
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., & Al-Jabir, A. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76.
Spitzenstätter, D., & Schnell, T. (2020). The existential dimension of the pandemic: Death attitudes, personal worldview, and coronavirus anxiety. Death Studies, 46, 1031-1041.
Tweed, R. G., Mah, E., & Conway, L. (2021). Bringing coherence to positive psychology: Faith in humanity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(3), 298-309.
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., & Ho, C. S. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the Covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395, 945-947.
Wong, P. T. P. (2020) Existential positive psychology and integrative meaning therapy. International Review of Psychiatry, 32, 565-578.
Yousefi Afrashte, M., Sadeghi, Z., Nouri, F., & Rostagarifar, S. (2018). The relationship between positive psychology characteristics and health anxiety in middle-aged people, the first Iranian congress of positive psychology, Tehran.