تبیین مولفه های شغل مناسب زنان مبتنی بر رویکرد فازی
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانوادهعلی اصغر سعدآبادی 1 , فاطمه سادات فهری 2 , کیارش فرتاش 3
1 - استادیار، گروه سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران،ایران. (نویسنده مسئول)a_sadabadi@sbu.ac.ir
2 - دانشجوی دکتری کارافرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران ،تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران،ایران.
کلید واژه: دلفی فازی, اشتغال زنان, موانع اشتغال زنان, شغل مناسب زنان, تحلیل و توسعه گزینه استراتژیک(سودا),
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه مولفه های شغل مناسب بانوان با رویکرد فازی از طریق استخراج مولفههای ناظر بر موانع اشتغال و پیشرفت زنان به همراه راهکارهای متناظر آن است. نوع این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و روش آن بر اساس نحوه گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی و از نوع اکتشافی است؛ ماهیت تحقیق نیز آمیخته است. جامعه آماری، کلیه خبرگان و متخصصان علمی و اجرایی در حوزه مسائل زنان و اشتغال آن‌ها است که 34 نفر از خبرگان در حیطه فوق به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب گردیدند. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا و دادهکاوی مؤلفه‌های ناظر بر موانع اشتغال بانوان و راهکارهای متناظر با آن‌ها استخراج شد. سپس با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی پرسشنامههایی که در اختیار خبرگان قرار گرفته بود، تجزیه و تحلیل گشت. به منظور تعیین ارتباط میان مؤلفه‌های مورد اجماع نخبگان، روش تحلیل و توسعه گزینه استراتژیک (سودا) به کار گرفته شد. سپس با ادغام نقشههای خبرگان، مدل واحدی اتخاذ شد و در نهایت از درون مدل نهایی پژوهش، 19 مولفه شغل مناسب بانوان که مورد اجماع خبرگان و هدف نهایی این پژوهش است، استخراج گشت که برخی از آن‌ها عبارتند از انعطاف پذیری در ساعت کار، حمایت زنان از سوی همکاران، ترمیم و احیای اعتماد به نفس و خودباوری بانوان ،عدم وابستگی همه مشاغل به مدارک آکادمیک دانشگاهی، وجود مهد یا مراکز نگهداری از کودکان در سازمان و وجود شغل عاری از کلیشههای جنسیتی و ایدئولوژیهای مردسالارانه.
The purpose of this study was to figure out the components of appropriate job for women, due to exploit barriers to women employment and approach to confront them. In this article using data mining and content analysis the components of barriers to women employment and approach to deal with it was explored. the data was collected by Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire that was given to 34 experts . In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by these experts, SODA method had been implemented. Eventually withi integration of expert's plans, one model was selected. through the application of that model we elicited components component of appropriate job for women which include 19 elements that were agreed by these experts and some of them are as follows: Flexibility in working hours, colleagues support women, restoration of women's self-confidence and self-esteem, independence of all professions from academic degrees, existence of kindergartens or child care centers in the organization and existence of jobs that are free from sexual stereotypes and patriarchal ideologies.
¾ Abounouri, E., & Gholami, N. (2009). Women Employment Trend Versus That of Men and Factors Affecting Women's Employment Share in the Iranian Industrial Sector. Quarterly Journal of Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 7(1): 31-54. (In Persian)
¾ Ahmadnia, Sh. (2004). Employment Effects on Women Health. Social Welfare, 3(12): 158- 180. (In Persian)
¾ Alaedini, P. & Razavi, M. R. (2004). Women's participation and employment in Iran: a critical examination. Social Welfare, 3(12): 132-157. (In Persian)
¾ Alavizadeh, S. A. M., Shamsedini, A. & Hoseini, F. (2017). Studying the obstacles of rural women's employment in balavelayat village located in Kashmar city. Sociology of Women, 7: 195-218. (In Persian)
¾ Alizadeh, M. (2010). The Role of Women Employment in Social Development. Women and Culture, 2(5): 49-59. (In Persian)
¾ Alvani, M., & Zarghami fard, M. (2001) women's Role in Development. Tadbir Journal, 13: 63-66. (In Persian)
¾ Amancio, L. (2005). Reflection on science as a gendered endeavor: changes and continuities. Social science information, 44(1): 65-83.
¾ Ameri, Z., & Khosravi, A. (2018). Being Family-Oriented in Employment Laws: Opportunities and Challenges. The Islamic Journal of Women and the Family, 6(12): 101-127. (In Persian)
¾ Asadzadeh, A., Mirani, N., Ghazi khani, F., Esmail Darjani, N., & Honardoust, A. (2017). Investigating the Role of Employment and Education of Women on Economic Growth in Iran: Gravitational Search Algorithm and Firefly Algorithm Approach. Women in Development and Policy, 15(3): 359-381. (In Persian)
¾ Balali, E., Sayyah, M., & Mohebbi, S. F. (2015). Women entering male jobs: causes and consequences Qualitative exploration of experts’ views. Women in Development and Policy, 13(3): 399-424. (In Persian)
¾ Baratali, M., Yousefi, A., & Mirshah Jafari, S. E. (2010). Women, Employment & Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education ,3(2): 79-101. (In Persian)
¾ Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
¾ Bowling, A. (2002). Measuring health, Philadelphia: Open University.
¾ Bruns, A. (2019). The third shift: Multiple job holding and the incarceration of women's partners. Social Science Research, 80: 202-215.
¾ Chesterman, C., Ross-Smith, A., & Peters, M. (2005). Not doable jobs! Exploring senior women’s attitudesto academic leadership roles. Women’s Studies International Forum, 28: 163– 180.
¾ Crain, W. M., & Crain, N. V. (2020). Regulatory Barriers to Women in Business. Business and Public Administration Studies, 14(2): 15-21.
¾ Ellingsæter, A. L., & Jensen, R. S. (2019). Politicising Women’s Part-Time Work in Norway: A Longitudinal Study of Ideas. Work, Employment and Society, 33(3): 444-461.
¾ Estiri, L., Tafazoli, H., & Soltani, A. (2019). The Status of Women's Employment in the Macro Policies of the Country after the Islamic Revolution. The Islamic Revolution Approach, 49: 159-181. (In Persian)
¾ Fukaom, K., Miyagawa, T., Hak, P. K., & Hee, Rh. (2009). Estimates of Multifactor Productivity, ICT Contribution and Resource Reallocation Effects in Japan and Korea. Rieti Discussion Paper Series 09-E-021, 1-31.
¾ Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A., & Mirzamani, A. (2008). The Impact of Education and Organizational Employment of Women in Tehran. Women in Development and politics, 6(3): 113-132. (In Persian)
¾ Johnstone, M., & Lee, C. (2014). Lifestyle Preference Theory: No match for young Australian women. Journal of Sociology, 52(2): 249-265.
¾ Kilgour, M. A. (2012). The Global Compact and Gender Inequality: A Work in Progress. Business & Society, 52(1): 105 –134.
¾ Koc, A. (2019). Do Women Make Better in Tourism and Hospitality? A Conceptual Review from A Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality Perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/1528008X.2019.1672234.
¾ Kodagoda, T. (2018). Working Long Hours and Its Impact on Family Life: Experiences of Women Professionals and Managers in Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 25(1): 108–126.
¾ Looze, J. (2017). Why Do(n't) they leave? Motherhood and women's job mobility. Social Science Research, 65: 47-59.
¾ Matin, Z., & Vogdani, F. (2019). occupation and parenting based on Supreme leader’s view point. Islamic Perspective on Educational Science, 7(12): 83-102. (In Persian)
¾ Micic, L. (2017). Digital Transformation and Influence on GDP.Economics, 5(2): 135-147.
¾ Moeinian, N. (2017). A Sociological Study of the Effect of Gender-Stereotype Images in Occupational Discrimination over Women and the Origins of these Images in Iranian Culture. Women & Study of Family, 10(37): 163-179. (In Persian)
¾ Moghadam, V., & Momenirad, F. (2019). Indices of the desirable pattern for women employment based on the historical experience of early Islam. Islamic Economy, 18(72): 63-94. (In Persian)
¾ Mozayeni A. H., Sahabi, B., & Mamaleki M. (2019). Study of Cyber Space Development Impact on Women Participation in Iran’s Economy (A Case on Women’ s employment and Fertility Rate). Quarterly Sociology of Women, 10(37): 301-329. (In Persian)
¾ Nersisians, E., & Afghahi, M. (2012). Socio-Cultural Factors Hindering Women Occupying Senior Managerial Positions in Tehran University. Sociological Review, 19(40): 113-160. (In Persian)
¾ Norouzi, L. (2004). Gender Differences in Employment Structures. Women in Development and Politics, 2(1): 165-178. (In Persian)
¾ Pekkurnaz, D. (2020). Employment Status and Contraceptive Choices of Women with Young Children in Turkey. Feminist Economics, 26(1): 98-120.
¾ Perugini, C., & Vladisavljević, M. (2019). Gender inequality & the gender-job satisfaction paradox in Europe. Labour Economics, 60: 129–147.
¾ Rafat jah, M., & Kheirkhah, T. (2012). The Issues and Challenges of Women's Employment in Iran from the View Point of Working Managers. Journal of Socio-Cultural Development, 1(2): 130-156. (In Persian)
¾ Raskin, P. M. (2006). Women, Work, and Family Three Studies of Roles and Identity Among Working Mothers. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(10): 1354-1381.
¾ Rastegar Khaled, A. (2006). Employed Women and Strains of Domestic Works. Journal of Daneshvar Behavior, 13(19): 33-52. (In Persian)
¾ Sa'di, H., Yaghoubi Farani, A., Zoleikhaei Sayyar, L., & Ghahremani, F. (2017). Analyzing the Barriers and Limitations of Rural Women Employment (Case Study: Tuyserkan County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 6(17): 35-48. (In Persian)
¾ Sadeghi Fasaei, S., & Khademi, A. (2016). Employment of women: Meta-analysis of past four decade's studies. Journal of Woman in Culture Arts, 7(2): 243-256. (In Persian)
¾ Sharbatian, M.H. 2009. Social aspects & barriers of women's employment. Social Sciences, 7(3): 85-95.
¾ Taleghani, Gh. R, Pourezat, A.A., & Faraji, B. (2009). Survey on the effect of glass ceiling on decrease of women empowerment in Iran Power Development CO. (IPDC). Journal of Public Administration, 1(2): 89-102. (In Persian)
¾ Towhidi, A. R., & Mousavi Tbar, Z. (2019). Principles for The Employment of Women in The Framework of Legal Rules. Women and Culture, 10(39): 107-123. (In Persian)
¾ Torkaman, S., & Fathi, S. (2017). Study the Effect of Women's Employment Concerns Over the Quality of Their Lives. Quarterly Journal of Women & Society, 7(4): 13-25. (In Persian)
¾ Vijeyarasa, R. (2019). Making the law work for women: Standard-setting through a new Gender Legislative Index. Alternative Law Journal, 0(0): 1-6.
¾ Weiss C, Parkinson D, Duncan A (2015). Living longer on less: women, paid work, and superannuation in Victoria, Australia. SAGE Open 5(3), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015597966
¾ Yousaf, R., & Schmiede, R. (2017). Barriers to women’s representation in academic excellence and positions of power. Asian Journal of German and European Studies, 2(2): 1-13. DOI:10.1186/s40856-017-0013-6.
¾ Zanganeh, M., Niazi, I., Mirkatooli, R., Ashouri, E., & Bagheri, R. (2013). Determinig the order of importance of factors affecting job creation by entrepreneur women using topsis (case study: the co-operative section in Khorasan Razavi Province). Pazhuheshname-ye
Zanan, 4(1): 83-110. (In Persian)
_||_