بررسی داستان‌های نویسندگان مهاجر زن بر اساس نظریه‌ی کارناوالیسم میخاییل باختین
محورهای موضوعی : ادبیات فارسی
فاطمه جعفریان
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، تهران، ایران.)
شروین خمسه
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، تهران، ایران.)
سهیلا سیمی ترشیزی
3
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: میخاییل باختین, نظریه کارناوالیسم, نویسندگان مهاجر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی داستان‌های نویسندگان مهاجر زن بر اساس نظریه‌ی کارناوالیسم میخاییل باختین بود. جامعه‌ی پژوهش، شامل کلیه داستان‌های نویسندگان مهاجر زن بود. نمونه پژوهش، داستان‌های مهاجرت از گلی ترقی(12 داستان) و فیروزه جزایری دوما (خنده‌ی لهجه ندار)، که براساس نظریه‌ی کارناوالیسم میخاییل باختین از کتاب بوطیقای داستایفسکی بررسی شد. طرح پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات بر مبنای جمع آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای، اسناد و فیش برداری ، بر اساس ویژگی‌هایی چون کنش‌های کارناوالی، کرونوتوپ (بررسی زمان_مکان )، آرشیتکتونیک (سازماندهی روابط سوژه ها) و هتروگلاسیا (معنادهی در موقعیت) و بررسی موقعیت‌های کارناوالیزه‌ی مهاجرت در چند داستان از این نویسندگان انجام گرفت. داده‌‌‌ها با توجه به نظریه‌ی کارناوالیسم باختین تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مهاجران برای رسیدن به هماهنگی در شرایط زمان و مکان و موقعیت جدید در محیطی کارناوالیزه، رفتار و منش خود را تغییر می‌دهند تا خود را با سرزمین جدید هماهنگ کنند. هم چنین در دیدگاه کارناوالی، بیگانه در هر زمان و مکانی، دیگری به حساب می‌آید وهویت مردم سرزمین جدید را نمی تواند به‌تمامی بپذیرد. در آثارگلی ترقی و فیروزه جزایری دوما نیز کنار آمدن با فرهنگ و زبان و موقعیت آدم‌های سرزمین‌های دیگر چالش برانگیز بود. هر دو نویسنده دو نوع زندگی را در دو موقعیت وطن و سرزمین مهاجرت شده تجربه کرده اند. داستان‌های این دو نویسنده بازتابی بی‌واسطه و واقع‌گرایانه از جهان زیسته‌ی آن‌ها بود.
The purpose of this research was to examine the stories of female immigrant writers based on Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnivalesque theory. The research universe included all the stories of female immigrant writers. The sample of the research subsumed the stories of migration from Goli Targhi (12 stories) and Firouze Jazayeri Duma (Laughter Without an Accent), which was analyzed based on Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of Carnivalesque from Dostoyevsky's book Boutique. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data gathering was processed based on the collecting of library information, documents, and note taking on index cards, on the basis of characteristics such as carnival actions, chronotope (examination of time-space), architectonics (organization of subject relationships) and heteroglossia (meaning in the situation) and investigation of situations carnivalization of migration in several stories of the mentioned authors. The data were analyzed according to Bakhtin's theory Carnivalesque. The results showed that, in order to achieve harmony in the conditions of time and place and new situation in a carnivalized environment, the immigrants change their behavior and character to harmonize themselves with the new land. Also, in carnival's view, a foreigner was considered another at any time and place, and she/he could not fully accept the identity of the people of the new land. It was also challenging to cope with the culture, language and situation of people from other lands in the works of Goli Targhi and Firuzeh Jazayeri. Both authors had experienced two types of life in the two situations of homeland and immigrated land. The stories of these two writers were a direct and realistic reflection of their lived world.
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