بررسی اثرات تغذیه با مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) غنی‌شده با فلز روی، بر رشد و کیفیت لاشه ماهی قزل‌آلاي رنگين¬كمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
احمد قره خانی
1
(
استادیارگروه دامپزشکی، واحد ماکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماکو، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: ساکارومایسس سرویزیه, عنصر روی, قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان, فاکتورهای رشد,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق نمونه‌های ماهی‌های قزل‌آلاي رنگين كمان با 4 سطح مختلف مخمر غنی شده با روی یعنی تراكم‌های 0، 106×1، 107×1 و 108×1 CFU/g طی 75 روز (60 روز اول ماهيان با مخمر غني شده با روی تغذیه و 15 روز دیگر ماهيان فقط با غذاي گروه شاهد) تغذیه شدند و فاكتورهاي رشدی، کیفیت لاشه و میزان روی ماهی‌ها مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن نهایی (4/8 ±67/106 گرم) و طول نهایی (28/2 ±45/20 سانتی‌متر) مربوط به ماهیانی بود که با غلظت CFU/g 107×1از مخمر غنی شده با روی تغذیه کرده بودند و مقادیر عددی نرخ رشد، نرخ رشد ویژه و فاکتور وضعیت در ماهیان تغذیه شده با غلظت‌های مختلف مخمر غنی شده با روی به طور معنی‌داری (05/0>p) بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود و میزان چربی عضله گروه شاهد نسبت به گروه‌های دیگر کمتر ولی چربی کبد آن بیشتر بود. میزان روی موجود در سرم به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از میزان آن در بافت‌های کبد و عضله بود. مطالعه حاضر نشان داد كه تکمیل جیره ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان با مخمر غنی شده (به‌ویژه در تراکم CFU/g 107×1) با روی می‌تواند به‌طور معنی‌داری سبب بهبود شاخص‌های رشد و کیفیت لاشه گردد.
چکیده انگلیسی :
In this research, rainbow trout samples were fed with four different levels of yeast enriched with zinc: concentrations of 0, 1 x 10^6, 1 x 10^7, and 1 x 10^8 CFU/g for 75 days. For the first 60 days, the fish were fed with yeast enriched with zinc, and for the remaining 15 days, they were fed only with the food of the control group. The growth factors, carcass quality, and zinc content of the fish were then measured. The results showed that the fish fed with zinc-enriched yeast at a concentration of 1 x 10^7 CFU/g had the highest final weight (106.67 ± 8.4 g) and final length (20.45 ± 2.28 cm). Additionally, the growth rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor in fish fed with different concentrations of zinc-enriched yeast were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). The amount of muscle fat was lower in the control group, but they had more liver fat than the other groups. The amount of zinc in the serum was significantly higher than the amount in the liver and muscle tissues. In conclusion, supplementing the diet of rainbow trout with enriched yeast, especially at a concentration of 1 x 10^7 CFU/g, with zinc can significantly improve growth indicators and carcass quality.
Abdel-Tawwab, M., Abdel-Rahman, A.M. and Ismael, N.E. (2008). Evaluation of commercial live bakers’ yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a growth and immunity promoter for Fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) challenged in situ with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture. 280:185–189.
Abu-Elala, N., Marzouk, M. and Moustafa, M. (2013). Use of different (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) biotic forms as immune-modulator and growth promoter for (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with some fish pathogens. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine. 1:21–29.
Abu-Elala, N.M., Younis, N., AbuBakr, H.O., Ragaa, N.M., Borges, L.L. and Bonato, M.A. (2018). Efficacy of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on the nutrition and immune response of Nile tilapia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 44: 333–341.
Alruhaimi, R.S., Alqhtani, H.A., Mahmoud, A.M., Naiel, M.A.E. and El-Raghi, A.A. (2022). The Effect of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Growth Performance, Oxidative Status, and Immune Response of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata). Life (Basel). 12(7):1013. doi: 10.3390/life12071013. PMID: 35888101; PMCID: PMC9325271.
Alt, K.W., Al-Ahmad, A. and Woelber, J.P. (2022). Nutrition and Health in Human Evolution-Past to Present. Nutrients. 14(17): 3594.
AOAC. (2008). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists, Vol. II. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Caimi, C., Gasco, L., Biasato, I., Malfatto, V., Varello, K., Prearo, M., Pastorino, P., Bona, M.C., Francese, D.R., Schiavone, A. and Elia, A.C. (2020). Could dietary black soldier fly meal inclusion affect the liver and intestinal histological traits and the oxidative stress biomarkers of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles?. Animals. 10(1): p.155
Carvalho, N. and Guillen, J. (2021). Aquaculture in the Mediterranean. IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook. 276(503): 276-281.
El-Bab, A.F.F., Saghir, S.A.M., El-Naser, I.A.A., El-Kheir, S.M.M.A., Abdel-Kader, M.F., De Silva, S.S., Gunasekora, R.M. and Atapattu, D. (1989). The dietary protein requirement of young tilapia and an evaluation often least cost dietary protein levels. Aquacult. 80: 271-284.
FAO. (2021). Food and Agriculture Organization. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in Action; Rome, Italy.
FAO. (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in Action; Rome, Italy.
Gharekhani, A., Azari Takami, G., Tukmechi, A, Afsharnasab, M. and Agh, N. (2015). Effect of dietary supplementation with zinc enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 16(3): 278-82.
Huang, S.S., Fuc, H.L., Higgs, D.A., Balfry, S.K., Schulte, P.M. and Brauner, C.J. (2008). Effect of dietary canola oil level on growth performance, fatty acid composition and ion regulatory development of spring Chinook salmon parr (Oncorhynchustshawytscha). Aquacult. 274: 109-117.
Karimzadeh, G., Timuri Yansari, A., Hamidi, M., Karimzadeh, S. and Maniei, M. (2009). The benefits and application of probiotics in feeding livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. Publish in avay masieh. 176 p.
Kordrostami, S., Hedayatifard, M., Keshavarzdivkalaee, M., Javadian, R. and Hazaee, K. (2021). Effects of zinc nanoparticles and vitamin E on growth and immune parameters of common carp, Cyprinus Carpio. Aquatic Animals Nutrition. 7(2): 1-10.
Korni, F.M., Sleim, A.S.A., Abdellatief, J.I. and Abd-elaziz, R.A. (2021). Prevention of vibriosis in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax using ginger nanoparticles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Fish Pathology. 34:185–199.
Maeda, M., Nogami, K., Kanematsu, M. and Hirayama, K. (1997). The concept of biological control methods in aquaculture. Hydrobiol. 358: 285-290.
Mc Dowell, L.R. (1989). Vitamins in Animal Nutrition: Comparative Aspects to Human Nutrition, Academic Press. pp. 245
Mohammadi, F., Mousavi, S.M, Ahmadmoradi, E., Zakeri, M. and Jahedi, A. (2015). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on survival rate and growth performance of Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 16(1): 59-62.
Moriarty, D.J.W. (1998). Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquacult. 164: 351-358.
Naylor, R.L., Hardy, R.W., Buschmann, A.H., Bush, S.R., Cao, L., Klinger, D.H., Little, D.C., Lubchenco, J., Shumway, S.E. and Troell, M. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature. 591(7851): 551-563.
Oliva-Teles, A. and Gonçalves, P. (2001). Partial replacement of fishmeal by brewers yeast (Saccaromyces cerevisae) in diets for sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture. 202: 269–278.
Perdichizzi, A., Meola, M., Caccamo, L., Caruso, G., Gai, F. and Maricchiolo, G. (2023). Live Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii) Supplementation in a European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Diet: Effects on the Growth and Immune Response Parameters. Animals. 13(21):3383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213383.
Rafiee, G. and Vafadar, A. (2021). The effect of substituting different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to reduce the consumption of fish meal and their effect on growth indices, survival and carcass composition. Journal of Animal Environment. 13(3): 201-208.
Sansuwan, K., Jintasataporn, O., Rink, L., Triwutanon, S. and Wessels, I. (2023). Effects of Zinc Status on Expression of Zinc Transporters, Redox-Related Enzymes and Insulin-like Growth Factor in Asian Sea Bass Cells. Biology (Basel). 12(3): 338.
Stehlik-Tomas, V., Gulan Zeti, V., Stanzer, D., Grba, S. and Vahi, N. (2004). Zinc, copper and manganese enrichment in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Technology and Biotechnology. 42: 115–120.
Shet, A.R., Patil, L.R., Hombalimath, V.S., Yaraguppi, D.A. and Udapudi, B.B. (2011). Enrichment of Saccharomyces cerevisiaewith zincand their impact on cell growth. Research Article. biotechnology and bioengineering. 1(4): 523-527.
Silerova, S., Lavova, B., Urminska, D., Polakova, A., Vollmannova, A. and Harangozo, L. (2012). Preparation of zinc enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by cultivation with different zinc salts.Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food sciences.1(February Special issue). 689-695.
Tacon A.G.J. (1994). Feed ingredients for carnivorous fish species: alternatives to fishmeal and other dietary resources. FAO Fish. Circ. 881-835.
Tacon A.G.J. and Jackson, A.J. 1985. Utilization of conventional and unconventional protein sources in practical fish feeds. In: Cowey, C.B., Mackie, A.M., Bell, J.G. (Eds.), Nutrition and Feeding in Fish. Academic Press, pp. 119-145.
Tovar, D., Zambonino-Infante, J.L., Cahu, C., Gatesoupe, F.J., Vázquez-Juárez, R. and Lésel, R. (2002). Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass larvae. Aquacult. 204: 113-123.
Tukmechi, A., RahmatiAndani, H.R., Manaffar, R. and Sheikhzadeh, N. (2011). Dietary administration of beta-mercapto-ethanol treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the growth, innate immune response and disease resistance of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykiss. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 30: 923-928.
Waché, Y., Auffray, F., Gatesoupe, F.J., Zambonino, J., Gayet, V., Labbé, L. and Quentel, C. (2006). Cross effects of the strain of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rearing conditions on the onset of intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, fry. Aquaculture. 258: 470–478.
Watanabe, T., Kiron, V. and Satoh, S. (1997). Trace minerals in fish nutrition. Aquacult. 151: 185-207.
Yasuda, K. and Taga, N. (1980). A mass culture method for Artemiasalina using bacteria as food. La Mer. 18: 53-62.
Yu, H.R., Li, L.Y., Shan, L.L., Gao, J., Ma, C.Y. and Li X. (2021). Effect of supplemental dietary zinc on the growth, body composition and anti-oxidant enzymes of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alevins. Aquaculture Reports. 20. 100744. ISSN 2352-5134.
Zhao, H.X., Cao, J.M., Zhu, X., Chen, S.C. and Lan, H.B. (2009). Effects of zinc sources and levels on growth performance, antioxidant indices and body composition in juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X o. aureus). Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition. 21(5): 680-687.