تحلیل نقش مولفه های موثر بر شناخت فضایی در افزایش خوانایی محیط موردپژوهی: محله سجاد مشهد
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
شیما عابدی
1
,
تکتم حنایی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/18
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/12/25
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01
کلید واژه:
ادراک,
پیوستگی,
سهولت دسترسی,
شناخت فضایی,
مسیریابی,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با توجه به اهمیت مفاهیم شناخت محیطی در کیفیت محیط ضرورت توجه به شناخت شهروندان از فضای شهری خوانا اهمیت دوچندان یافته است. محیط خوانا با وضوح در ذهن مردم شکل می‌گیرد. مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در شناخت فضایی و بازنمایی ذهنی از محیط با توجه به ویژگی‌های محیط و کاربران می‌تواند در افزایش خوانایی محیط مؤثر باشند. لذا هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نقش مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر شناخت فضایی در افزایش خوانایی محیط است. روش پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت پیمایشی است. در این راستا به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از مشاهدات میدانی، پرسشنامه و بازدید از سایت استفاده‌شده است و جامعه آماری 248نفر شامل شهروندان ساکن در محله سجاد انتخاب‌شده است. سپس تعداد 106 نفر از شهروندان به‌صورت تصادفی مورد سؤال قرار گرفتند. تحلیل پرسشنامه‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و با بررسی فرضیات و استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی تأییدی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Amos انجام‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که کیفیت خوانایی تأثیر مستقیمی بر فرایند شناخت فضایی و مسیریابی در فضایی‌های شهری دارد. شهروندان با استفاده از راهنماهای مختلف به مسیریابی خوانا در محلات می‌پردازند.
تمایز محیط نقش موثری در مورد چگونگی سازماندهی ذهنی افراد از محیط و حفظ جهت گیری دارد. با توجه به این امر در فرایند شناخت فضایی در رفتار مسیریابی عوامل بسیاری دخیل است از جمله عوامل تاثیر گذار بر درک اسان محیط در درجه اول تمایز ابنیه است. میزان متمایز بودن ابنیه در مسیریابی موفق شهروندان تاثیر گذار است، در درجه دوم می توان به گوناگونی و وضوح فضای شهری و عناصر مستقر در فضا اشاره نمود. وضوح بصری کمک شایانی به انتخاب مسیر و درک بهتر فضا می نماید
چکیده انگلیسی:
Today, due to the importance of cognitive environmental concepts in the quality of the environment, the need to pay attention to citizens' knowledge of legible urban space has become doubly important. The readable environment is clearly formed in people's minds. Effective components in spatial cognition and mental representation of the environment according to the characteristics of the environment and users can be effective in increasing the readability of the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of effective components on spatial cognition in increasing the readability of the environment. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of survey nature. In this regard, in order to collect data, field observations, questionnaires and site visits were used and the statistical population of 248 people, including citizens living in Sajjad neighborhood, was selected. Then 106 citizens were randomly questioned. The collected questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and by examining the hypotheses and using the confirmatory factor analysis method using Amos software. The results indicate that the quality of readability has a direct effect on the process of spatial cognition and wayfinding in urban spaces. Citizens use various guides to make readable wayfinding in neighborhoods.Environmental differentiation plays an important role in how people mentally organize themselves from the environment and maintain wayfinding . Due to this, many factors are involved in the process of spatial cognition in wayfinding behavior, including factors affecting the easy understanding of the environment, primarily the differentiation of buildings. The degree of distinctiveness of buildings is effective in the successful wayfinding of citizens, in the second degree, we can point to the diversity and clarity of urban space and elements located in space. Visual clarity helps to choose the path and better understand the space
منابع و مأخذ:
Bentley, L., Alcock, A., Murrain, P., McGlynn, S. and Smith, G. (1985). Responsive environments: A manual for designers. Oxford: Butterworth Architecture.
Chantal Lemieux (2018), Metacognitive Aspects of Gender Differences in Spatial Navigation, Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfilling of the requirements For the PhD degree in Experimental Psychology School of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Cross, L. (2007). Evaluation of Swedish outdoor living environments: Cultural influence on environmental perceptions. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 23, 338-349
denise peters (2012), COGNITIVE PRINCIPLES OF SCHEMATISATION FOR WAYFINDING ASSISTANCE, Fachbereich 3 (Mathematik und Informatik) Universitt BremenFebruar.
Devlin, A. S. (2001). Mind and maze: Spatial cognition and environmental behavior. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Eran Ben-Elia,(2021) An exploratory real-world wayfinding experiment: A comparison of drivers’ spatial learning with a paper map vs. turn-by-turn audiovisual route guidance Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 9 (2021) 100280.
Ewing, R., Handy, S., Brownson, R. C., Clemente, O., & Winston, E. (2006). Iden-tifying and measuring urban design qualities related to Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(Suppl. 1), S223-S240
Golledge, R. G. (1999). Wayfinding behavior: Cognitive mapping and other spatial processes. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Güler Ufuk Doğu Demirbaş (2001), SPATIAL FAMILIARITY AS A DIMENSION OF WAYFINDING, Ph.D. in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Feyzan Erkip September .
Heinrich Löwen , Jakub Krukar and Angela Schwering (2019), Spatial Learning with Orientation Maps: The Influence of Different Environmental Features on Spatial Knowledge Acquisition, ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8, 149; doi:10.3390/ijgi8030149
Hossein Safari ,Sajjad Nazidizaji, Fataneh Fakori Moridani(2018), Social Logic of Cities and Urban Tourism Accessibility; Space Syntax Analysis of Kuala Lumpur City Centre Space Ontology International Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 3, Summer 2018, 35- 46.
Jadpoulad, Afshin, Karimzadeh, Ali (2018) "Effective indicators of elements on urban identity from the perspective of citizens (Study case: District One of Shiraz Municipality) Research and Planning Quarterly, 2011, No. 42, Fall 2019.
Jamie Lingwood, Mark Blades, Emily K. Farran, Yannick Courbois, Danielle Matthews(2018 )، Using virtual environments to investigate wayfinding in 8- to 12-year-olds and adults، Journal of Experimental Child Psychology،p178-189.
Jan Dijkstra, Bauke de Vries, Joran Jessurun ( 2014 ), Wayfinding search strategies and matching familiarity in the built environment through virtual navigation, Transportation Research Procedia 2 ( 2014 ) 141 – 148.
Jan Dijkstra, Bauke de Vries, Joran Jessurun (2014), Wayfinding search strategies and matching familiarity in the built environment through virtual navigation, Transportation Research.
Kitchin, R., Freundschuh, S. (2000). Cognitive mapping. In R. Kitchin & S. Freundschuh (Eds.), Cognitive mapping (pp. 1-8). New York: Routledge.
Koseoglu, Emine & Erinsel Onder, Deniz (2011). Subjective and objective dimensions of spatial legibility, Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Lynch, Kevin (1960). The Image of the City. The MIT Press: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Montazerolhodjah, , M. Sharifnejad2, M. Pourjafar (2018), The Characteristics of Distinctive Urban Elements in Citizens’ Cognitive Maps (Case Study: The City of Isfahan, Int. J. Architect. Eng. Urban Plan, 28(1): 37-47, June 2018 ,DOI: 10.22068/ijaup.28.1.37
Michel Denis · Jack M. Loomis. Perspectives on human spatial cognition: memory, navigation, and environmental learning, Published online: 6 September 2006Springer-Verlag 2006, Psychological Research (2007) 71:235–239 DOI 10.1007/s00426-006-0079-x.
Mousavi, Seideh Sagar, Ali, Shakur (2017) "Investigation and role of urban signs with an emphasis on identifying the identity of the space (case study, Shahid Chamran Boulevard, Shiraz)" Journal of Urban Planning and Research, year 9, serial number 35, winter.
Negar Ahmadpoor,Alastair D. Smith(2020) Spatial knowledge acquisition and mobile maps: The role of environmental legibility, Cities 101 (2020) 102700.
Pour-Emad, Mozhgan, Azaz-Shakohi, Mohammad, Rahmana, Mohammad Rahim, Khakpour, Barat Ali (2014) "Study of Shirazi axis as an urban joint in access to the central part of Mashhad" Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 6th year, 23rd issue, winter.
Reginald G. GOLLEDGE, R. Daniel JACOBSON, Robert KITCHIN, and Mark BLADES (2000), Cognitive Maps, Spatial Abilities, and Human Wayfinding, Geographical Review of JapanVol. 73 (Ser. B), No. 2, 93-104, 2000.
Rohini Gangaputra(2017),indoor landmark and indoor wayfinding the indoor landmatk identification issue ,master thesis, Technische Universität München Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering Chair of Cartography Dr.-Ing. Liqiu Meng.
Ruth C. Dalton, Christoph Hölscher, and Daniel R. Montello (2019), Wayfinding as a Social Activity, HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY ,published: 04 February 2019,doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00142.
Ryski Dwi Pratowo, Endang Titi Sunarti, Purwanita Setijanti, Legibility Corridor in Designing Environmental Image (Case Study: Malang City Square, Indonesia), International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2018 ISSN 2250-3153.
Sajjadzadeh, Hassan, Sharifi, Adel, Asadi, Mohammad Ali, Sharifi, Neda (2014) "Place attachment and environmental perception on the level of satisfaction in a traditional neighborhood (case example: Haji Hamadan neighborhood)" Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 6th year, Number twenty-two, autumn.
Seyedeh Faezeh Miralami, Hossein Safari(2020), Evaluation of the Wayfinding Process in Kashef Al-Saltaneh Tea Museum and Tomb in Lahijan City Using the Space Syntax Method, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, Volume 13, Issue 31, Summer 2020.
Sheikhi, Hojjat, Rezaei, Mohammad Reza (2016) "Environmental Quality Assessment of Pedestrian Urban Spaces and Social Responsiveness (Case Example: Ferdosi Street, Ilam City)" Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Year 8, Number 29, Summer.
Shireen Kanakri1, Megan Schott, Amy Mitchell, Haitham Mohammad, Minna Etters1, Nicole Palme (2016), Wayfinding Systems in Educational Environments, Environment and Ecology Research 4(5): 251-256, 2016 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/eer.2016.040503.
Yingying Yang, Yingwei (Catherine) Wu, Lulu Jiang, Ling Chen, Zhong Pei(2020), Intact wayfinding abilities in patients with Parkinson's disease, Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 3 (2020) 100067.
Young Kim (1999), SPATIAL CONFIGURATION, SPATIAL COGNITION AND SPATIAL BEHAVIOUR: The Role of Architectural Intelligibility in Shaping Spatial Experience, A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture at the University of London.
Yu-Li Chang(2003), Spatial Cognition in Digital Cities, international journal of architectural computing issue 0 4, volume 01.
Yu-Li Chang, Spatial Cognition in Digital Cities, international journal of architectural computing issue 0 4, volume 01,2003.
_||_
