نقش بهره مندی از فضاهای شهری در ازدیاد تحرک و اثر آن در کاهش نرخ مرگ و میر(نمونه موردی پارک‌های شهری مشهد)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

رستم صابری فر ¹

1 - هیات علمی

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/11/01

کلید واژه: مشهد, مرگ و میر, دسترسی, پارک های شهری, کم تحرکی,

چکیده مقاله :

حضور در فضاهای شهری و افزایش تحرک، نقش مهمی در سلامتی دارد. از جمله مهمترین فضاهای شهری موثر در این حوزه، پارکها هستند. طراحی مناسب و پراکنش منطقی این فضاها، در تحرک شهروندان اثرگذار بوده و این فرض مطرح است که افزایش تحرک، تاثیر مستقیمی بر کاهش میزان مرگ و میر دارد. برای آزمون این فرض، تحقیق کنونی در شهر مشهد و در ارتباط با بهره مندی از پارکها و فضاهای سبز به انجام رسید. این بررسی به شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی و به صورت طولی از اواسط سال 1387 آغاز و تا پاییز سال 1397 در شهر مشهد به انجام رسید. داده های مورد نیاز به وسیله پرسشنامه و از نمونه ای به حجم 800 نفر که به چهار گروه مختلف تقسیم شده بودند، گردآوری شد. داده‌های گردآمده با استفاده از آماره های توصیفی و استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مراجعه به پارکها در شعاع 500 متری اتفاق افتاده و نرخ مرگ و میر افرادی که از پارکها استفاده نموده و از تحرک لازم در این فضاها برخوردارند، 50 درصد کمتر از سایرین است. همچنین مشخص شد که اگر عدم تحرک به سه برابر افزایش پیدا کند، میزان مرگ و میر چهار برابر شده و چنانچه طول زمان یکجانشینی از 10 دقیقه به 40 دقیقه برسد، خطر مرگ و میر به دو برابر افزایش می یابد. بنابراین، برنامه ریزان شهری بایستی در تامین و پراکنش فضاهای سبز به نحوی عمل نمایند که شهروندان با طی حداقل فاصله، به این مراکز دسترسی داشته و تجهیزات و طراحی ها به شکل باشد که آنان را به تحرک بیشتر وادار نماید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Mobility, walking, and sports in today's urban spaces are at least very difficult, if not impossible. The increase in the crowded spaces often means eliminating the necessary facilities for physical activity, depriving citizens of walking and the use of adequate and suitable open spaces. Such a process endangers the physical and mental health of citizens. Parks are among the most important urban spaces in this regard. Proper design and rational distribution of these spaces affect the mobility of citizens, and it is assumed that increasing mobility has a direct impact on reducing mortality. The current research was conducted in Mashhad to examine this hypothesis regarding the use of parks and green spaces. This descriptive and analytical study was started in mid-2008 and completed in the fall of 2018 in Mashhad. The required data were collected by a questionnaire from a sample of 800 people who were divided into four different groups. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most visits to parks occurred within a radius of 500 meters and the mortality rate of people who use the parks and have the necessary mobility in these spaces is 50% lower than others. It was also found that if immobility increases threefold, the mortality rate quadruples, and if the duration of sedentism increases from 10 minutes to 40 minutes, the risk of death doubles. Therefore, urban planners must provide and distribute green spaces in such a way that citizens have access to these centers with a minimum distance, while equipment and designs should be in a way that makes them more mobile.

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