ارزیابی جایگاه گردشگری بافت تاریخی شهر یزد در روند مدل تخریب خلاق
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
علیرضا عسگری سوادجانی
1
,
محمدرضا رضایی
2
,
حمدالله سجاسی قیداری
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا، پردیس علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 - دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا، پردیس علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.
3 - ستادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/04
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/05
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01
کلید واژه:
گردشگری,
یزد,
بافت تاریخی,
تخریب خلاق,
چکیده مقاله :
بر اساس الگوی «تخریب خلاق»، وقتی ثروت در جامعه انباشته و توزیع می‌شود، آن جامعه باید متحول شده و از شیوه سنتی خود به یک‌چیز جدید و مناسب‌تر تبدیل شود تا به مرحله بعدی توسعه برسد. این روند هم خلاقانه و هم مخرب بوده و یک نوسازی پویا است که می‌تواند ساختار سنتی قدرت و ثروت را پشت سر بگذارد. این تحول بیانگر پیوند میان منابع اقتصادی و تحقیق و پژوهش و عامل حرکت روبه‌جلو درراه نوآوری و رسیدن به پویایی است.از طریق این مدل می‌توان جایگاه یک سایت گردشگری را در مراحل پنج‌گانه آن ارزیابی و به‌تناسب آن اقدام به برنامه‌ریزی نمود. پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت، اسنادی پیمایشی است. گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از بازدید میدانی و پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، ساکنان بافت تاریخی شهر یزد می‌باشد. تعداد 380 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران و به شیوه طبقه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب و مورد آزمون قرارگرفته است. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS صورت گرفته و درنهایت نتایج با بررسی تطبیقی مراحل و خصوصیات مدل تخریب خلاق استخراج گردیده است. بر اساس تحلیل‌های صورت گرفته، میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان از گردشگری و فعالیت‌های مرتبط در حد بالا بوده اما نگرانی آن‌ها از ناهنجاری‌های به وجود آمده مشهود می‌باشد. با توجه به حمایت‌هایی که از خلاقیت و کارآفرینی صورت گرفته، میزان سرمایه‌گذاری‌ها افزایش‌یافته و در جهت تلفیق کاربری‌های سنتی و مدرن می‌باشد. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، محدوده موردمطالعه در مرحله کالای پیشرفته قرار داشته که می‌بایست برنامه ریزان به ویژگی‌های این مرحله توجه نموده و راهبردها و اهداف متناسب با آن تعیین نمایند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
According to the "creative destruction" model, when wealth is accumulated and distributed in a society, that must transform and become something new and more appropriate from its traditional way to reach the next stage of development. This process is both creative and destructive, and is a dynamic modernization that can transcend the traditional structure of power and wealth. This change indicates the link between economic resources and research and the factor of moving forward in the direction of innovation and achieving dynamism. Through this model, the position of a tourism site in its five stages can be evaluated and planned accordingly.The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature is survey. Field survey, questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the historical context of Yazd. 380 people were selected randomly as a sample based on Cochran's formula and tested. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and finally the results were extracted by comparative study of the steps and characteristics of the creative destruction model. According to the analysis, the level of residents' satisfaction with tourism and related activities is high, but their concern about the anomalies is evident. Due to the support of creativity and entrepreneurship, the amount of investment has increased and is aimed at combining traditional and modern uses. Based on the research findings, the study area is in the Advanced Commodification stage that planners should pay attention to the characteristics of this stage and determine appropriate strategies and goals.
منابع و مأخذ:
Banks, J., & Cunningham, S. (2016) Creative destruction in the Australian videogames industry. Media International Australia, 160(1), 127–139.
Bloch, H., & Metcalfe, S. (2018) Innovation, creative destruction, and price theory. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(1), 1-13.
Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2017) Destructive creation: Capital accumulation and the structural violence of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(5), 651-667.
Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., & de Castro, T. V. (2019). Creative tourism: catalysing artisan entrepreneur networks in rural Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Christopher J. Coyne Claudia R. Williamson, (2012) Trade openness and cultural creative destruction", Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, Vol. 1 Iss 1 pp. 22 – 49.
Debbage, K. (2019) Geographies of tourism entrepreneurship and innovation: an evolving research agenda. In A Research Agenda for Tourism Geographies. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Duxbury, N., Silva, S., & Castro, T. V. D. (2019) Creative tourism development in small cities and rural areas in Portugal: Insights from start-up activities. Creating and Managing Experiences in Cultural Tourism. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Erumban, A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2012) The dark side of creative destruction: innovation and retirement of capital. Industrial and Corporate Change, 21(5), 1149-1174.
Ei, T., & Karamanis, K. (2017) The evolution of alternative forms of Tourism: a theoretical background. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 1-4.
Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the creative class. Routledge.
Gregory Brock (2016) Creative destruction on the Chechen frontier, Post-Communist Economies, 28:2, 220-231
Hetemaki, Lauri. (2014) Creative destruction and bio economy, EFI news, 2, 22, 6-7.
Hsiao, T. Y., & Chuang, C. M. (2016) The cooperation model between tourism development and traditional culture: new perspectives on regional context. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 14(2), 91-106.
Yazd Municipality. (2020) historical texture, article or https://yazd.ir/en/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87
Huang, H. Y. B., Wall, G., & Mitchell, C. J. (2007) Creative destruction Zhu Jia Jiao, China. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(4), 1033-1055.
Liss, J. M. (2013) Creative destruction and globalization: The rise of massive standardized education platforms. Globalizations, 10(4), 557-570.
Lorde, T., & Joseph, T. S. (2019) Airbnb, technological change and disruption in Barbadian tourism: a theoretical framework. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2190-2209.
Mitchell, C. J. (2013) Creative destruction or creative enhancement? Understanding the transformation of rural spaces. Journal of rural studies, 32, 375-387
Navickiene, R. (2013) Entrepreneurship and Needs of Tourism Service Users. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2329261or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2329261.
Nelson, R. R. (2013) Demand, supply and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 23(1), 17–38.
Niewiadomski, P. (2020) COVID-19: from temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism?. Tourism Geographies, 1-6.
Pitsuwan, S. (2014). “Creative Destruction” and the Political Transition in Thailand. Asian Politics & Policy, 6(3), 471-473.
Rockett, J., & Ramsey, D. (2016) Resident perceptions of rural tourism development: The case of Fogo Island and Change Islands, Newfoundland, Canada. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 15(4), 299-318.
Ryan, C., & Huimin, G. (Eds.). (2009) Tourism in China: Destination, cultures and communities. Routledge.
Schiavone, F., & Esposito De Falco, S. (2016) Limits to creative destruction and technologies in practice: the case of ham radio. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 28(1), 60-75.
Schumpeter, J.A. (2014), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 2 ed,Impact Books, Floyd, VA.
Yang, X., Xu, H., & Wall, G. (2019) Creative destruction: the commodification of industrial heritage in Nanfeng Kiln District, China. Tourism Geographies, 21(1), 54-77.
Ye, Z., & Nurse, K. (2013). Creative Industries for Youth: Unleashing Potential and Growth, UNIDO.
Sleuwaegen, L. and Boiardi, P. (2014) Creativity and regional innovation: Evidence from EU regions, Research Policy, 43(9): 1508-1522.
Zhang, J., Long, B., & Zhao, Y. (2019) Creative Destruction and Commercialization of Traditional Villages: Likeng, Wangkou, and Jiangwan in Wuyuan, China. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 592, No. 1, p. 012109). IOP Publishing.
_||_
Banks, J., & Cunningham, S. (2016) Creative destruction in the Australian videogames industry. Media International Australia, 160(1), 127–139.
Bloch, H., & Metcalfe, S. (2018) Innovation, creative destruction, and price theory. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(1), 1-13.
Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2017) Destructive creation: Capital accumulation and the structural violence of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(5), 651-667.
Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., & de Castro, T. V. (2019). Creative tourism: catalysing artisan entrepreneur networks in rural Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Christopher J. Coyne Claudia R. Williamson, (2012) Trade openness and cultural creative destruction", Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, Vol. 1 Iss 1 pp. 22 – 49.
Debbage, K. (2019) Geographies of tourism entrepreneurship and innovation: an evolving research agenda. In A Research Agenda for Tourism Geographies. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Duxbury, N., Silva, S., & Castro, T. V. D. (2019) Creative tourism development in small cities and rural areas in Portugal: Insights from start-up activities. Creating and Managing Experiences in Cultural Tourism. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Erumban, A. A., & Timmer, M. P. (2012) The dark side of creative destruction: innovation and retirement of capital. Industrial and Corporate Change, 21(5), 1149-1174.
Ei, T., & Karamanis, K. (2017) The evolution of alternative forms of Tourism: a theoretical background. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 1-4.
Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the creative class. Routledge.
Gregory Brock (2016) Creative destruction on the Chechen frontier, Post-Communist Economies, 28:2, 220-231
Hetemaki, Lauri. (2014) Creative destruction and bio economy, EFI news, 2, 22, 6-7.
Hsiao, T. Y., & Chuang, C. M. (2016) The cooperation model between tourism development and traditional culture: new perspectives on regional context. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 14(2), 91-106.
Yazd Municipality. (2020) historical texture, article or https://yazd.ir/en/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87
Huang, H. Y. B., Wall, G., & Mitchell, C. J. (2007) Creative destruction Zhu Jia Jiao, China. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(4), 1033-1055.
Liss, J. M. (2013) Creative destruction and globalization: The rise of massive standardized education platforms. Globalizations, 10(4), 557-570.
Lorde, T., & Joseph, T. S. (2019) Airbnb, technological change and disruption in Barbadian tourism: a theoretical framework. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2190-2209.
Mitchell, C. J. (2013) Creative destruction or creative enhancement? Understanding the transformation of rural spaces. Journal of rural studies, 32, 375-387
Navickiene, R. (2013) Entrepreneurship and Needs of Tourism Service Users. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2329261or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2329261.
Nelson, R. R. (2013) Demand, supply and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 23(1), 17–38.
Niewiadomski, P. (2020) COVID-19: from temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism?. Tourism Geographies, 1-6.
Pitsuwan, S. (2014). “Creative Destruction” and the Political Transition in Thailand. Asian Politics & Policy, 6(3), 471-473.
Rockett, J., & Ramsey, D. (2016) Resident perceptions of rural tourism development: The case of Fogo Island and Change Islands, Newfoundland, Canada. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 15(4), 299-318.
Ryan, C., & Huimin, G. (Eds.). (2009) Tourism in China: Destination, cultures and communities. Routledge.
Schiavone, F., & Esposito De Falco, S. (2016) Limits to creative destruction and technologies in practice: the case of ham radio. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 28(1), 60-75.
Schumpeter, J.A. (2014), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 2 ed,Impact Books, Floyd, VA.
Yang, X., Xu, H., & Wall, G. (2019) Creative destruction: the commodification of industrial heritage in Nanfeng Kiln District, China. Tourism Geographies, 21(1), 54-77.
Ye, Z., & Nurse, K. (2013). Creative Industries for Youth: Unleashing Potential and Growth, UNIDO.
Sleuwaegen, L. and Boiardi, P. (2014) Creativity and regional innovation: Evidence from EU regions, Research Policy, 43(9): 1508-1522.
Zhang, J., Long, B., & Zhao, Y. (2019) Creative Destruction and Commercialization of Traditional Villages: Likeng, Wangkou, and Jiangwan in Wuyuan, China. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 592, No. 1, p. 012109). IOP Publishing.
