• صفحه اصلی
  • بررسی تاثیر ویژگی‌های محیط مصنوع بر فعالیت بدنی و پیاده‌روی شهروندان در شهر مشهد

اشتراک گذاری

آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : JUPM-2003-3463 (R2) بازدید : 53 صفحه: 267 - 281

10.30495/jupm.2022.5503

20.1001.1.22285229.1401.13.49.18.7

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

بررسی تاثیر ویژگی‌های محیط مصنوع بر فعالیت بدنی و پیاده‌روی شهروندان در شهر مشهد

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

سید هادی حسینی 1

1 - استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، مرکز پژوهشی جغرافیایی و اجتماعی دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/12/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: مشهد, پیاده روی, محیط مصنوع, فعالیت بدنی,

چکیده مقاله :

با آشکارشدن تاثیرات روزافزون فعالیت بدنی و تحرک بر سلامت افراد و به طور خاص شهرنشینان، مطالعه ارتباط میان ویژگی-های محیط مصنوع شهری با فعالیت بدنی و تحرک شهروندان، مورد علاقه پژوهشگران متعددی قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، هدف این پژوهش نیز، مطالعه تاثیر ویژگی‌های محیط مصنوع شهری بر فعالیت بدنی و پیاده‌روی شهروندان در شهر مشهد می‌باشد. نوع پژوهش، توسعه‌ای– کاربردی است و به لحاظ روش‌شناسی، پژوهش در تقسیم بندی کلان در دسته تحقیقات توصیفی و در زیر مجموعه پژوهش‌های موردی، پیمایشی و همبستگی قرار دارد. برای سنجش ویژگی‌های محیط مصنوع از شاخص‌های اختلاط کاربری اراضی، تراکم جمعیت و قابلیت پیاده‌مداری استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری شهروندان 25 سال به بالای شهر مشهد و نمونه آماری برابر با 1022 نفر از شهروندان در 16 محله شهر می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که نزدیک به نیمی از افراد عملاً در هیچ گونه فعالیت بدنی شرکت نداشته‌اند و حدود 41 درصد نیز روزانه کمتر از نیم ساعت پیاده‌روی داشته‌اند. در محلات مورد مطالعه، هیچ-گونه ارتباط معنی داری میان فعالیت بدنی و پیاده‌روی روزانه افراد با اختلاط کاربری اراضی وجود ندارد. همچنین میان تراکم جمعیت با شدت فعالیت بدنی (شارکی) رابطه‌ی آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید، اما میان تراکم جمعیت با میزان پیاده روی روزانه افراد، رابطه معنی‌دار و معکوسی وجود دارد و نهایتاً، نتایج نشان داد که در محلات مورد بررسی میان قابلیت پیاده‌مداری با میزان پیاده روی روزانه افراد و فعالیت بدنی افراد بر مبنای شاخص شارکی رابطه‌ی معنی‌داری وجود ندارد. با توجه به آنکه نتایج این پژوهش با یافته‌های پژوهش لطفی و نیک پور و دیگران متفاوت می‌باشد، ضرورت مطالعات تجربی بیشتر در این خصوص ضروری می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The research of the relationship between the characteristics of the urban Built environment with physical activity and citizen mobility has attracted the interest of many researchers as it reveals the increasing effects of physical activity and mobility on the health of individuals and especially urban dwellers. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to study the effect of urban built environment on physical activity and walking of citizens in Mashhad. Research is a developmental-applied research. Methodologically, and in the category of macro, it falls into descriptive researches and in subdivisions of case studies, surveys, and correlations. Land use mix, population density and Walkability indices were used to assess the Built environment. Statistical Society is up to 25 old of Mashhad citizens and sample size is 1022 in 16 neighborhoods. The results showed that nearly half of the people practically did not participate in any physical activity and about 41% had less than half an hour of daily walking. In the studied areas, there was no significant relationship between physical activity (Sharkey Physical Activity Index) and daily walking with land use mix. Also, there was no significant relationship between population density and physical activity intensity (Sharkey Physical Activity Index), but there was a significant and inverse relationship between population density and daily walking and finally, there was no significant relationship between walkability and daily walking and physical activity based on the Sharkey index. Since the results of this study are different from those of Lotfi (2012) and Nikpour et al., (2017), further experimental studies are necessary.

منابع و مأخذ:


  1. Adineh Vand, Ali Asghar; Hajizadeh, Maryam; Ghadami, Mustafa. (2013). Investigation of municipal performance within the framework of good urban governance (Case study: Babolsar city). Urban Management Journal, spring and summer 2013, Volume 11,
    2.
  2. Azizi, M & Hosseini, R. (2013). Relationship between physical activity level and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in male college students. Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport (JPSBS), 1(2): 110-123. [ in Persian]
    3.
  3. Bahraini, S. H and Khosravi, H. (2010). Physical and Spatial Features of built environment which have Impact on Walking, Health status and Body Fitness. Honar-ha-ye ziba - Memari Va Shahrsazi, 2 (43): 5-16. [ in Persian]
    4.
  4. Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Mowen, A. J., & Cohen, D. A. (2005). the significance of parks to physical activity and public health: a conceptual model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2 Suppl 2):159-68.
    5.
  5. Carson, V., Lee, E. Y., Hewitt, L., Jennings, C., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N. ... & Adamo, K. B. (2017). Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health, 17(5), 854.
    6.
  6. Cavill, N., Foster, C., Oja, P., & Martin. B. W. (2006). An evidence– based approach to physical activity promotion and policy development in Europe: contrasting case studies. Promot Educ: 13 (104-11).
    7.
  7. Centers for Disease and Control Prevention, (2011). Physical Activity and Health, Retrieved June 30, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/ health/index.html.
    8.
  8. Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design. Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment, 2(3), 199-219.
    9.
  9. Chau, J. (2007) Physical Activity and Building Stronger Communities. Report Prepared for the Premier’s Council for Active Living
    10.
  10. Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., ... & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(11), 2065-2079.
    11.
  11. Condello, G., Puggina, A., Aleksovska, K., Buck, C., Burns, C., Cardon, G. ... & Cortis, C. (2017). Behavioral determinants of physical activity across the life course: a “DEterminants of DIet and Physical ACtivity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 14(1), 58.
    12.
  12. Day, K. (2016). Built environmental correlates of physical activity in China: A review. Preventive medicine reports, 3, 303-316.
    13.
  13. Duncan, M. J., Spence, J. C., & Mummery, W. K. (2005). Perceived environment and physical activity: A meta-analysis of selected environmental International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2(11). Doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-2-11.
    14.
  14. Durand, C. P., Andalib, M., Dunton, G. F., Wolch, J., & Pentz, M. A. (2011). A systematic review of built environment factors related to physical activity and obesity risk: implications for smart growth urban planning. Obesity reviews, 12(5), e173-e182.
    15.
  15. Ewing, R., Bartholomew, K., Winkelman, S., Walters, J., Chen, D., Mccann, B., & Goldberg, D. (2008). Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change. Urban Land Institute.
    16.
  16. Forsyth A, Hearst M, Oakes JM, Schmitz KH. Design and destinations: factors influencing walking and total physical activity. Urban Stud 2008; 45:1973 – 96.
    17.
  17. Fox, K. R., & Hillsdon, M. (2007). Physical activity and obesity. Obesity reviews, 8, 115-121.
    18.
  18. Fox, K.R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition: 2(3a), 411–418.
    19.
  19. Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T.L., Chapman, J.E., Saelens, B.E., & Bachman W. (2006). “Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality” Journal of the American Planning Association. 72 (1), 75-87.
    20.
  20. Handy, S. L., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002). How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning? American journal of preventive medicine, 23(2), 64-73.
    21.
  21. Harris, M.A. (2018). The relationship between physical inactivity and mental wellbeing: Findings from a gamification-based community-wide physical activity intervention. Health Psychology Open, sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav, DOI: 10.1177/2055102917753853.
    22.
  22. Heath, G. W., Brownson, R. C., Kruger, J., Miles, R., Powell, K. E., & Ramsey, L. T. (2006). The effectiveness of urban design and land use and transport policies and practices to increase physical activity: a systematic review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(s1), S55-S76.
    23.
  23. Hinckson, E. A., Duncan, S., Oliver, M., Mavoa, S., Cerin, E., Badland, H., & Schofield, G. (2014). Built environment and physical activity in New Zealand adolescents: a protocol for a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 4(4), e004475.
    24.
  24. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2005). Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence -- Special Report 282.
    25.
  25. Jaeschke, L., Steinbrecher, A., Luzak, A., Puggina, A., Aleksovska, K., Buck, C. ... & Ciarapica, D. (2017). Socio-cultural determinants of physical activity across the life course: a ‘Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity’ (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 14(1), 173.
    26.
  26. Jeon, C. Y., Lokken, R. P., Hu, F. B., & Van Dam, R. M. (2007). Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes care, 30(3), 744-752.
    27.
  27. Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., ... & Corso, P. (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 22(4), 73-107.
    28.
  28. Kruk, J. (2009). Physical activity and health. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10(5), 721-728.
    29.
  29. Kumar, R. (2017). Role of physical activity in mental well-being. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4 (2): 95-102.
    30.
  30. Larranaga, A. M., & Cybis, H. B. B. (2014). The relationship between built environment and walking for different trip purposes in Porto Alegre, Brazil. International journal of sustainable development and planning, 9(4), 568-580.
    31.
  31. Lawlor, D. A., & Hopker, S. W. (2001). The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. Bmj, 322(7289), 763.
    32.
  32. Lee, C., & Moudon, A. V. (2006). The 3Ds+ R: Quantifying land use and urban form correlates of walking. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11(3), 204-215.
    33.
  33. Lee, J., Kurisu, K., An, K., & Hanaki, K. (2015). Development of the compact city index and its application to Japanese cities. Urban Studies, 52(6), 1054-1070.
    34.
  34. Lotfi, S & Shakibaei, A. (2014). Investigation of a Walk-Ability Index and its Relation with built Environments, Case Study: Qourveh City. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 6(11): 383-392. [ in Persian]
    35.
  35. Lotfi, S. (2013). The Role of the Built Environment Attributes in Residents’ Walking Behavior, Case Study: Tehran city/ Iran. Motaleate Shahri, 2(5): 27-34. [ in Persian]
    36.
  36. Lu, Y., Chen, L., Yang, Y., & Gou, Z. (2018). The association of built environment and physical activity in older adults: using a citywide public housing scheme to reduce residential self-selection bias. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1973.
    37.
  37. Lu, Y., Xiao, Y., & Ye, Y. (2017). Urban density, diversity and design: Is more always better for walking? A study from Hong Kong. Preventive medicine, 103, S99-S103.
    38.
  38. McCormack, G. R & Shiell, A. (2011). In search of causality: a systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(125).
    39.
  39. McTiernan, A. (2008). Mechanisms linking physical activity with cancer. Nature reviews. Cancer, 8(3), 205.
    40.
  40. Nikpour, A; Hosainpou Asgar, M & Talebi, H. (2017). Studying the impact of environmental indices on walkability (A case study of Amol). Urban Structure and Function study, 4(13): 110-133. [ in Persian]
    41.
  41. Opdenacker, J., Delecluse, C., & Boen, F. (2009). The longitudinal effects of a lifestyle physical activity intervention and a structured exercise intervention on physical self-perceptions and self-esteem in older adults. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(6): 743–60.
    42.
  42. Petersen, L., Schnohr, P., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2004). Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults. International journal of obesity, 28(1), 105-112.
    43.
  43. Razzaghi Asl, S; Alimardani, M & Zibaei, N. (2014). Identifying the Impact of Design Factors on Improving Pedestrian Health, the Case of “Motahary Neighborhood” in Mashhad. Motaleate Shahri, 3(10): 27-36. [ in Persian]
    44.
  44. Rodríguez, D. A., Evenson, K. R., Roux, A. V. D., & Brines, S. J. (2009). Land use, residential density, and walking: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. American journal of preventive medicine, 37(5), 397-404.
    45.
  45. Saelens, B. E., & Handy, S. L. (2008). Built environment correlates of walking: a review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(7 Suppl), S550.
    46.
  46. Sallis, J. F., & Glanz, K. (2006). The role of built environments in physical activity, eating, and obesity in childhood. The future of children, 89-108.
    47.
  47. Sallis, J. F., & Owen, N. (1999). Physical activity and behavioural medicine. Thousand Oaks, CA.
    48.
  48. Sallis, J. F., Patterson, T. L., Buono, M. J., & Nader, P. R. (1988). Relation of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adults. American Journal of Epidemiology, 127(5), 933-941.
    49.
  49. Sepahmansour, M., Memar, A., & Azmodeh, M. (2012). The relationship of the self-esteem and self-efficacy with persuasion in training managers. Social cognition, 1 (2): 92-100.
    50.
  50. Sherwood, N. E., & Jeffery, R. W. (2000). The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions. Annual review of nutrition, 20(1), 21-44.
    51.
  51. Su, M., Tan, Y. Y., Liu, Q. M., Ren, Y. J., Kawachi, I., Li, L. M., & Lv, J. (2014). Association between perceived urban built environment attributes and leisure-time physical activity among adults in Hangzhou, China. Preventive medicine, 66, 60-64.
    52.
  52. Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Cmaj, 174(6), 801-809.
    53.
  53. Wei, Y. D., Xiao, W., Wen, M., & Wei, R. (2016). Walkability, land use and physical activity. Sustainability, 8(1), 65.
    54.
  54. Witten, K., Blakely, T., Bagheri, N., Badland, H., Ivory, V., Pearce, J. ... & Schofield, G. (2012). Neighborhood built environment and transport and leisure physical activity: findings using objective exposure and outcome measures in New Zealand. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(7), 971-977.
    55.
  55. World Health Organization (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data N risk factors. At: http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/riskfactors/overweight/en/
    56.
  56. Yip, C., Sarma, S., & Wilk, P. (2016). The association between social cohesion and physical activity in Canada: A multilevel analysis. SSM-Population Health, 2, 718-723.
    57.
  57. Zapata-Diomedi, B.; Veerman, J.L. The association between built environment features and physical activity in the Australian context: A synthesis of the literature. BMC Public Health 2016, 16, 484.
    58.

 

 

 

 

 

 

_||_

مقالات مرتبط

حقوق این وب‌سایت متعلق به سامانه مدیریت نشریات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی است.
حق نشر © 1403-1400

صفحه اصلی| عضویت/ ورود| درباره سند| تماس با ما|
[English] [العربية] [en] [ar]