تبیین اثرات کارآفرینی بر توسعه پایدار شهری با رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (مطالعه موردی: شهر یاسوج)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

زهره دیمیاد ¹ , یعقوب پیوسته گر ²

1 - کارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/05/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/02/01

کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار شهری, پایداری, کارآفرینی, مدل سازی,

چکیده مقاله :

برای پیشگیری از ناپایداری فضاهای شهری، بهره­برداری بهینه از منابع محدود انسانی و طبیعی امری ضروری است. توسعه و ترویج کارآفرینی، که از آن به­عنوان موتور توسعه اقتصادی یاد می­شود، یکی از مهم­ترین اهرم­های مورد تأکید اقتصاددانان و اندیشمندان در راستای نیل به توسعه پایدار شهری است. هدف از پژوهش کمی و کاربردی حاضر، که با ترکیبی از روش­های توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و علی انجام شده است، تبیین اثرات کارآفرینی بر توسعه پایدار شهری است که به صورت موردی در شهر یاسوج انجام شده است. ابزار اصلی پژوهش جهت گردآوری داده­های میدانی، پرسشنامه محقق­ساخته است که روایی و پایایی آن با رعایت مبانی تحقیقات میدانی تأیید شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را شهروندان ساکن در شهر یاسوج تشکیل می­دهد (98130 نفر) که دارای سن بالاتر از 15 سال بوده­اند و با توجه به محدودیت­های مالی و زمانی، 383 نفر از آن­ها به عنوان نمونه آماری برآورد شد و پرسشنامه­ها به صورت کاملاً تصادفی در میان شهروندان توزیع گردید و در نهایت با توجه به مخدودش بودن تعدادی از پرسشنامه­ها، اطلاعات گردآوری شده 375 نفر با استفاده از نرم­افزارهای SPSS و Amos مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد برخورداری شهروندان از متغیرهای تشکیل­دهنده کارآفرینی با میانگین 31/3، بالاتر از حد متوسط بوده و میانگین محاسبه شده برای توسعه پایدار شهر یاسوج با مقدار 02/3، در سطح متوسط قرار دارد و میانگین پایداری اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست­محیطی به­ترتیب 47/2 (پایین­تر از حد متوسط)، 31/3 و 30/3 (بالاتراز حد متوسط) بوده است. نتایج سنجش برازش مدل ساختاری طراحی شده در خصوص اثر کارآفرینی بر توسعه پایدار شهری نشان داد معیارهای برآورد شده مدل مذکور در تطبیق با معیارهای پیشنهادی در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار دارند و کارآفرینی با اثر کل 662/0، دارای تأثیر آماری معناداری بر توسعه پایدار شهری بوده است و توانسته است 44 درصد از واریانس توسعه پایدار شهری در محدوده مطالعاتی را تبیین نماید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To prevent the instability of urban spaces, it is essential to make optimal use of limited human and natural resources. Entrepreneurship Development and Promotion, it is known as the engine of economic development. Is one of the most important levers emphasized by economists and thinkers to achieve sustainable development of the city. The purpose of this quantitative and applied research is Which has been done with a combination of descriptive-analytical and causal methods, Explains the effects of entrepreneurship on sustainable urban development That It has been done as a case study in Yasuj city. The main tool for collecting field data, is a researcher-made questionnaire That Its validity and reliability have been confirmed by observing the principles and foundations of field research. Is a statistical community of research Including citizens living in Yasuj (98130 people) That They were over 15 years old and Due to financial and time constraints, it was estimated that 383 of them were statistical samples and The questionnaires were distributed quite randomly among the citizens and finally Due to the limited number of questionnaires, Data collected 375 people Has been analyzed Using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed Citizens' enjoyment of the variables that make up entrepreneurship with an average of 3.31, Is Above average level and Average calculated for sustainable development of Yasuj city with a value of 3.02, located in the middle level and Average calculated for Economic, social and environmental sustainability Has been in order 2.47 (below average), 3.31 and 3.30 (above average). It also showed the results of measuring the fit of the designed structural model The effect of entrepreneurship on sustainable urban development That Estimated criteria of the model in compliance with the proposed criteria They are in good condition and Entrepreneurship with a total effect of 0.662, Has had a significant statistical impact on sustainable urban development and Entrepreneurship has been able to Explain 44% of the variance of sustainable urban development in the study area.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. 1.      Ahmadruor Daryani, M and Erfanian, A (2009): Explain the relationship between economic development and the two categories of "business development" and "entrepreneurship", Sharif, 25(49), pp: 85-92. (in Persian)


2. 2.      Ahmed, A. & McQuaid, R.W. (2005) Entrepreneurship, management, and sustainable development’, World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sust, Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.6–30.


3. 3.      Amnesty International. (2009) Amnesty International Report 2009 e The State of the World's Human Rights. Amnesty International, London, UK.


4. 4.      Askun, B. & Yıldırım, N. (2011) Insights on Entrepreneurship Education in Public Universities in Turkey: Creating Entrepreneurs or Not?, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32, PP. 663-676.


5. 5.      Barzegar, S and Rezayi, T (2018): Sustainability analysis of urban neighborhoods with emphasis on community councils (Case Study of District of Two Regions of 11th City of Mashhad), Journal of Sustainable City, 1(1), pp: 15-26. (in Persian)


6. 6.      Bell, J. F. & Stellingwerf, J. J. (2012) Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Motivations & Challenges of Sustainable Entrepreneurs in the Renewable Energy Industry, Master Thesis, Supervisor: Leona Achtenhagen, Jönköping International Business School University.


7. 7.      Ben Youssef, A. Boubaker, S. & Omri, A. (2017) Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Goals: The Need for Innovative and Institutional Solutions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, 2017, ‌10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.003‌. ‌halshs-01653946‌.


8. 8.      Buuse, D. & Kolk, A. (2019) An exploration smart city approaches by international ICT firms, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 220–234.


9. 9.      Cirella, G. T. & Tao, L. (2010) The index of sustainable functionality: an application for measuring sustainability, International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp 279-285.


10. 10.  Dehghani, A and Jamini, D (2018): Assessment of entrepreneurship indicators, Determinants and its Strategies for development in rural settlements (Case study: Javanrood Township), Geographic Space, 17(60), pp: 247-265. (in Persian)


11. 11.  Dhahri, S. & Omri, A. (2018) Entrepreneurship Contribution to the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development: What Does the Evidence Really Say?, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, No. 84504, pp: 1-47.


12. 12.  Filser, M. Kraus, S. Roig-Tierno, N. Kailer, N. & Fischer, U. (2019) Entrepreneurship as Catalyst for Sustainable Development: Opening the Black Box, Sustainability, 11 (4503), pp. 1-18.


13. 13.  Galani-Moutafi, V. (2013) Rural space (re)produced e Practices, performances and visions, A case study from an Aegean island, Journal of Rural Studies, 32, pp. 103-113.


14. 14.  General Assembly United Nations. (2016) Entrepreneurship for development Report of the Secretary-General, Seventy-first session, Item 19 of the provisional agenda, Sustainable development, Distr: General 26 July 2016, pp. 1-25.


15. 15.  Ghasemi, V (2010): Structural Equation Modeling Using Amos Graphics, Tehran, Sociologists Publishing. (in Persian)


16. 16.  Gholamrezaei, D; Valadkhani, M and Ebrahimi, H (2015): Entrepreneurial Modeling in Urban Management with a Systematic Approach, International Conference on Urban Planning and Development, Jihad Daneshgahi, Tehran http://www.hamayeshsara.ir/article/58. (in Persian)


17. 17.  Hassani Moghadam, S; Rezaei Moghadam, A; Yousefpour, V and Abdollahi, S (2012): Presenting a conceptual model of entrepreneurial development in the context of urban management, the Fourth Urban Planning and Management Conference, 20 and 21 May, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-URBANPLANING04-URBANPLANING04_034.html. (in Persian)


18. 18.  Hoskisson, R.E. Covin, J. Volberda, H.W. & Johnson, R. (2011) Revitalizing Entrepreneurship: The Search for New Research Opportunities, Journal of Management Studies, 48 (6), pp. 1141-1168.


19. 19.  Hosseini, A and Hosseinzadeh Semnani, M (2015): The Role of Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Development of Countries, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development, Mazandaran, Entrepreneurship and Industry Relations Center in Mazandaran University, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCES01-NCES01_061.html. (in Persian)


20. 20.  Jamshidi, AR., Jamini, D snd Nazari Sarmaze H (2013): A study of driving forces and hampering factors affecting the development of rural women entrepreneurship, SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY), 5(17), pp: 75-94. (in Persian)


21. 21.  Jamshidi, Ar., Jamini, D., Ghanbari, Y., Tousi, R and Pasarakloo, M (2015): Factors affecting the entrepreneurship development in agricultural production cooperatives Minodasht Township, Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 5(15), pp: 211-225. (in Persian)


22. 22.  Kian Poor, S (2013): Iran in Comparison with other Outlook Countries in the Field of Entrepreneurial Growth, Roshd -e- Fanavari,9(34), pp: 60-69. (in Persian)


23. 23.  Kuang, Y.X. & Bu, Y. (2018) Evaluation and Prediction of Urban Entrepreneurship Environment in China: A Case of Guangzhou City, Journal of Service Science and Management, 11, pp. 414-432.


24. 24.  Kummitha, R.K.R. (2019) Smart cities and entrepreneurship: An agenda for future research, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 149, pp. 1-10.


25. 25.  Lai, J.U. & Lin, C.T. (2008) What factors drive corporate customer satisfaction with e-banking services. PACIS 2008 Proceedings.


26. 26.  Missimer, M. Robèrt, K.H. Broman, G. & Sverdrup, H. (2010) Exploring the possibility of a systematic and generic approach to social sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, pp. 1107 – 1112.


27. 27.  Naudé, W. (2017) Cities and Entrepreneurs over Time: Like a Horse and Carriage?, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, No 11195, pp. 1-17.


28. 28.  Rashid, L. (2019) Entrepreneurship Education and Sustainable Development Goals: A literature Review and a Closer Look at Fragile States and Technology-Enabled Approaches, Sustainability, 11, 5343, pp. 1-23.


29. 29.  Shamsoddini, Ali and Nasibi, Sasan (2019): The study of urban furniture layout on the urban area's vitality (case study: the whole area of Shiraz), Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 10 (37), pp: 83-96. (in Persian)


30. 30.  Shamsodini, A., Jamini, D., and Jamshidi, A. (2016): Measurement and Analyses of Social Stability in Rural Area (Case Study: Javanrood Township).  Journal of Rural Research. 7(3), 486-503. (in Persian)


31. 31.  Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000) The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research”, Academy of Management Review, 25, pp. 217–226.


32. 32.  Siwar, C. Mahmudul Alam, M. Wahid Murad, M. & Al-Amin, A.G. (2009) A Review of the Linkages between Climate Change, Agricultural Sustainability and Poverty in Malaysia, International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol. 5 No. 6, pp. 309- 321.


33. 33.  Steffen, W. Sanderson, A. Jäger, J. Tyson, P.D. Moore, III, B. Matson, P.A. Richardson, K. Oldfield, F. Schellnhuber, H.-J. Turner II, B.L. & Wasson, R.J. (2004) Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure, IGBP Book Series. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.


34. 34.  United Nations. (2009) The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009. New York: United Nations.


35. 35.  Varkianipor, N., Hosseini, S.M., Samiee, R and Ashrafi, M (2019): The entrepreneurial modeling of women is based on the entrepreneurial value chain with a sustainable social development approach in the province of Gulistan, Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences, Volume:20 Issue: 58, pp: 139-161. (in Persian)


36. 36.  Ye, Q. Zhou, R. Anwar, M.A. Siddiquei, A.N. & Asmi, F. (2020) Entrepreneurs and Environmental Sustainability in the Digital Era: Regional and Institutional Perspectives, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1355, pp. 1-21.