تدوین الگوی توسعه اجتماع محلی در شهرهای اسلامی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

محمد تقی پیربابایی ¹ , پریسا هاشم پور ² , پیمان زاده باقری ³

1 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
2 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
3 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/08/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/07/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/05/01

کلید واژه: مشارکت, شهر اسلامی, روش دلفی, اجتماع محلی, توسعه اجتماع محلی,

چکیده مقاله :

مبحث توسعه اجتماع محلی به رغم سابقه نسبتاً طولانی در متون و نوشتارهای علمی و اجرایی، در اواخر دهه ۱۹۸۰ در قالب نظریه توسعه محلی مورد توجه قرار گرفت. این در حالی است که شاخص­های مربوط به توسعه اجتماع محلی در شهرهای اسلامی به رغم وجود بنیادهایِ معرفتی آن در کانون توجه پژوهشگران قرار نداشته و پژوهش­های انجام شده در این مورد بسیار اندک­اند. از این­رو شناسایی شاخص­ها و میزان اهمیت آنها برای تدوین الگویی در جهت توسعه اجتماعات محلی مناسب با شرایط شهرهای اسلامی می­تواند این رهیافت برنامه­ریزی را بیش از پیش در شهرهای اسلامی کاراتر سازد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی عناصر الگوی توسعه اجتماعات محلی در شهر اسلامی است و روش این مطالعه با توجه به سؤالات و اهداف پژوهش، کیفی است که در دو مرحله بازبینی مدون متون و پیمایشی- مصاحبه با خبرگان به روش دلفی- صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه مطالعاتی ده نفر از صاحب­نظران حوزه توسعه اجتماع محلی و شهر اسلامی هستند که به شکل هدفمند انتخاب شده­اند. یافته­های پژوهش نشان داده است که ابعاد اصلی الگوی مورد نظر شامل 4 مؤلفه، 13 معیار و 23 شاخص می­باشد که در این الگو، وزن هر دسته و ترتیب اهمیت شاخص­ها در هر دسته نشان داده شده است. طبق نظر خبرگان مهم­ترین مؤلفه مربوط به سیاست­های کاربردی توسعه اجتماع محلی با امتیازی برابر با 31/8 است که دارای معیارهایی چون عدالت­محوری، مسئولیت­پذیری، توانمندسازی و مشارکت در امور محله می­باشد. پس از آن مولفه سرمایه اجتماعی محله با امتیاز 27/8، دارایی­های مالی محله با امتیاز 23/8 و مولفه نهادها و عوامل اثرگذار با امتیاز 15/8 قرار دارند. در پایان دور سوم روش دلفی، ضریب هماهنگی کندال برای این پژوهش معادل 59/0 بدست آمد که به مقدار نسبتا متوسط تا زیاد می­توان به ترتیب عوامل آن اعتماد کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Local community development topic, in spite of a relatively long history in scientific and executive texts, are considered by the West in the late 1980s as a local development and as a major issue. However, in the Islamic cities, the topic of the community development in spite of its epistemological foundations has been considered less, and there are few written sources available, and the number of books and research published in this regard are very few. Therefore, recognizing the indices and their importance for developing the model in order to community development which is appropriate with Islamic cities condition can make this planning approach more effective than before.  In this regard, the aim of this paper is to recognize the elements of  the community development model and the method of this research with regards to research questions and goals is qualitative that made from two phases of systematic review of literature and survey –unreview by elites by method of Delphi. In this research, the main dimensions of the proposed model, obtained from three rounds of the Delphi method, including four components, 13 criteria and 23 indicators. In this model, the weight of each category and order of the indicators importance in each category are shown. According to research experts, the practical policies of community development with the score of 8/31 is the most important indicators in the community development pattern in the Islamic city which has the criteria such as justice; responsibility, enabling and participation in neighborhoods affairs. The social capital factor in the second place with the score of 8/27, fiscal assets of community with score of 8/23 and institutions and influential factors with the score of 8/15 are in the nest ranks. In the final step f third round in Delphi method, Kendal consistency quotients has been calculated 0/59 for this research that can be trusted normally.
Introduction
In the Islamic country of Iran, the community development pattern has attracted much attention of the urban planners and managers in the country and some studies have carried out on this issue. But attention to the Islamic worldview has been forgotten in this pattern, because the community development pattern in Western countries is based on the material worldview and the value system of the West, and it seems that the use of this planning pattern without considering the Islamic worldview can’t have significant effect on Islamic cities. Therefore, the first step is to identify the elements and elements of community development in the Islamic city in order to solve such problems. Therefore, the main question of this study is “What are the dimensions and indicators of community development in the Islamic city and “How much are they important in terms of the impact on the effectiveness of the neighborhood performance?”
methodology
In the present study was conducted aimed to investigate and find the key factors affecting the development of local community in the Islamic city with the qualitative content analysis approach. In such a way that, first, using library study, the literature on the community and the Islamic city development was extracted, as well as interviewing the experts, a relatively comprehensive understanding about the subject matter was achieved and codes were extracted about the text, then a preliminary framework was provided.
Then, the initial framework will be completed in form of final template using the Delphi method and through surveying. Library studies, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical population of this study includes university professors, experts in civil engineering consultants and experts who were skilled and had enough experiences in the field of local community and Islamic cities development.
Results and discussion
it was concluded that the component of applied policies with the criteria for participation in neighborhood affairs (as the most important criterion), Being justice-based, responsibility, and empowerment are most important than other components from the experts point of view in order to achieve the community development pattern in the Islamic city. Also, by studying the results of this study, it can be concluded that among the five criteria of social asset component, social solidarity criterion is the most important one and among the indicators of social solidarity.
Conclusion
According to the results of this study, for local community development in Islamic cities there should be policies for development and dependency on local assets.  the most important indicator for realizing participation in neighborhood affairs is residents' willingness to participate and preparing participatory plans for the community development. The sense of belonging to the neighborhood has a direct effect on the participation of neighborhood’s residents in voluntary activities and membership of neighborhood institutions and it leads to facilitate the process of participation in the neighborhood. The index of the neighborhood mosque is the highest priority among the indicators related to the component of institutions and effective factors. The mosque is considered as an institution that plays an important role in the implementation of social justice and distribution of Beyt al-mal fairly, poverty alleviation, and more.

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