تحلیلی بر علل گرایش به اقتصاد غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی با تأکید بر اشتغال کولبری (مطالعه موردی: شهر سردشت)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
افشین متقی دستنایی
1
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.)
مهتاب امرایی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
آرش قربانی سپهر
3
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارمی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: سردشت, اشتغال غیررسمی, شهر مرزی, کولبری,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: یکی از مهم‌ترین مشاغل غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی ایران اشتغال کولبری است. هم اکنون با توجه به شرایط اقتصادی در شهر سردشت کولبری بهعنوان شغل بیش‌تر مردم فقیر این شهر در حال افزایش است. این پژوهش به بررسی و تحلیل علل اقتصادی گرایش مردمان شهر سردشت به اشتغال کولبری میپردازد. روش: نوع پژوهش، کاربردی و روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری دادهها از روشهای کتابخانهای، منابع الکترونیکی و مطالعات میدانی مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه محققساخته استفاده شده است. تعدا 160 نفر از کولبران شهر سردشت بر اساس نمونهگیری گلوله برفی بهعنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل یافتهها از طریق نرمافزار SPSS 26 و با استفاده از درصد و فراوانی و آزمون خی دو و پایایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (مقدار 0.70) صورت گرفت. یافتهها: نتایج بدست آمده از آزمون خی دو حاکی از آن است که بین علت اشتغال به کولبری و متغیرهای؛ جنسیت، محل تولد، علت مهاجرت به شهر، تعداد اعضای خانوار، سطح تحصیلات، نوع کالاهای که عمدتاً حمل شده، مخارج ماهیانه، روش آشنایی و ورود به شغل کولبری و نوسانات درآمدی شغل کولبری در فصول گوناگون رابطهای معنادار وجود ندارد، اما بین علت گرایش به کولبری و سن، شغل قبلی هم‌چنین، متغیرهای؛ وضعیت تأهل، حقوق ماهیانه، منبع درآمدی دوم و جدای از کولبری، شغل آتی، امنیت شغلی، رضایت شغلی و مدت اشتغال به کولبری با علل گرایش به کولبری رابطهای معنادار وجود دارد. نتیجهگیری: نتایج بدست آمده از رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره نشان میدهد که 35 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته ناشی از متغیرهای مستقلی است که وارد مدل نهایی تحلیل شدهاند و مقدار آزمون برای تعیین معناداری اثر متغیرهای مستقل بر میزان علل گرایش به اشتغال کولبری 000/0 با سطح معنیداری 95/0 است.
Introduction: One of the most important informal occupations in the border cities of Iran is Culbery employment. At present, due to the economic conditions in the city of Sardasht, Colberry is increasing as the job of the majority of the poor people of this city. The present study investigates and analyzes the economic reasons for the tendency of the people of Sardasht to work in Culbery.
Method: The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Library methods, electronic resources and field studies, interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information and data. A total of 160 Colbranes from Sardasht were selected as the research sample based on snowball sampling. Findings were analyzed using SPSS 26 software using percentage and frequency and chi-square test and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha (value 0.70).
Results: The results of the chi-square test indicate that there is a difference between the reason for employment with Culbery and the variables; There is no significant relationship between gender, place of birth, reason for migrating to the city, number of family members, level of education, type of goods mainly transported, monthly expenses, way of getting acquainted and entering the Culbery job and income fluctuations of the Culbery job in different seasons. But between the cause of colibri tendency and age, the previous job is also variable; There is a significant relationship between marital status, monthly salary, second source of income and apart from Culbery, future job, job security, job satisfaction and duration of Culbery employment with the reasons for inclination to Culbery.
Conclusion: The results of multivariate linear regression show that 35% of the dependent variable changes are due to independent variables that have been entered into the final model and the test value to determine the significance of the effect of independent variables on the causes of Culbery employment tendency 0.000 With a significance level of 0.95.
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