تحلیل بر وضعیت زیست پذیری در محیط های شهری (مطالعه موردی: محله کوی سالار ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
میرنجف موسوی
1
(استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.)
جواد جهانگیرزاده
2
(استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.)
نیما بایرام‌زاده
3
(کارشناسی‌ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)
امین شهسوار
4
(کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری ـ آمایش شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.)
سجاد امیدوارفر
5
(کارشناسی‌ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.)
کلید واژه: ارومیه, زیست پذیری, تحلیل فضایی, توسعه پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف اصلی پژوهش، تحلیلی بر وضعیت زیست‌پذیری در محله کوی سالار می‌باشد. مهم‌ترین نکته تمایز این پژوهش با تحقیق‌های مشابه، به‌کارگیری شیوه ترکیبی آمار استنباطی ـ درون‌یابی فضایی ـ روابط ساختاری است. روش پژوهش حاضر از نظر ماهیت توصیفی و تحلیلی و از نظر هدف کاربردی می‌باشد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش اسنادی کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی پیمایشی استفاده‌شده است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها به چند صورت: مشاهده، پرسشنامه و فیش‌برداری می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش ساکنین محله کوی سالار می‌باشد که طبق آمار سال 1395 مرکز آمار، 18000 نفر می‌باشد. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده‌شده است که مقدار حجم نمونه 376 عدد به‌دست‌آمده است که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای توزیع گردیده است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل کمی داده‌ها از طریق آزمون‌های تی‌تست تک نمونه‌ای و تجزیه‌وتحلیل فضایی داده‌ها از طریق روش IDW در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی صورت گرفته است. برای ارزیابی رابطه بین ابعاد زیست‌پذیری از مدل دیمتل (DEMATEL) استفاده‌شده است. روایی پرسشنامه از طریق افراد متخصص در این زمینه و پایایی پرسشنامه‌ها نیز از طریق آزمون آلفای کرونباخ و با مقدار ضریب آلفای 775/0 مورد تائید قرارگرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشانگر این است که ابعاد زیست پذیری که شامل بعد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، محیط‌زیستی، مدیریت شهری، الگوی تاریخی و امکانات و خدمات می‌شود به ترتیب میانگین 94/2، 07/2، 01/3، 25/1، 83/1 و 55/2 را کسب نموده‌اند و همچنین سطح زیست‌پذیری با میانگین 27/2 در سطح نامطلوبی قرار دارد همچنین نتایج تحلیل فضایی وضعیت ابعاد زیست‌پذیری در محله کوی سالار نشانگر این است که که در حدود 66 درصد از محله در وضعیت نامطلوب قرار دارد. با توجه به نتایج مدل دیمتل، ابعاد مدیریت شهری، اقتصادی و امکانات و خدمات به عنوان "علت" و سه بعد محیط‌زیستی، اجتماعی و الگوی تاریخ نیز به عنوان "معلول"، در زیست پذیری قلمروی مکانی تحقیق، استخراج و نشان داده می‌شوند.
The main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - structural relations. The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and the sample size was 376, which was distributed in the study area using the cluster random sampling method. One-sample t-test was used for quantitative data analysis and IDW method was used for spatial data analysis. The DEMATEL model has been used to evaluate the relationship between the livability dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775. Based on the results of the research, the dimensions of livability, which include social, economic, environmental, urban management, historical pattern, and facilities and services, have obtained average of 2.94, 2.07, 3.01, 1.25, 1.83, and 2.55, respectively and also, the livability level is unfavorable with an average of 2.27. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the livability dimensions in Kouye Salar neighborhood show that about 66% of the neighborhood is in an unfavorable condition. According to the results of DEMATEL model, the dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and the three dimensions of environment, social and history pattern as "disability" are extracted and shown in the livability of the locality territory. Extended AbstractIntroduction The ever-increasing growth of Urmia's urban population and on the other hand the city's transformation into a megalopolis has always challenged the level of quality of life, or in better words, the level of urban livability. In this regard, due to the unprincipled physical expansion of the city of Urmia from the north, it has caused the formation of informal settlements such as Kouye Salar, which has significant problems and deficiencies in terms of urban equipment and service uses, because of the unplanned development. Due to the rapid growth and development caused by the presence of a large number of immigrants from other regions, Kouye Salar neighborhood is experiencing many problems due to inefficiency in dimensions such as economic and urban management. This neighborhood, which is located in the 2nd region of Urmia, has a diverse population and is more suitable for immigrants. One of the main problems of the mentioned neighborhood is the informality and the lack of service and urban equipment uses. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is an analysis of the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. Among the innovative aspects of the research, we can mention the section of research method, which analyzed this neighborhood in terms of livability by combining spatial data and a questionnaire. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics-spatial interpolation-structural relations, so that a specialized expert's view is also made on the livability of Kouye Salar in addition to considering the votes and opinions of the neighborhood residents. Another distinction is the use of all livability dimensions, indicators and variables for a neighborhood, because usually, this range of components is used in extra-local scales and inferential and spatial statistical methods are also used in the same way.Methodology The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used, which In the first step, the background and theoretical literature of livability was collected from scientific articles and authentic documents, and then the field survey of the studied area was done. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. Cochran's formula with an error percentage of 0.05 was used to determine the sample size, and a sample size of 376 was obtained which was distributed using cluster random sampling method in the study area. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative analysis of data through one-sample t-tests and spatial analysis of data through IDW method in the geographic information system have been done in order to evaluate the status of livability indicators and provide suggested solutions to improve the status of this neighborhood. Also, to evaluate the relationship between dimensions of livability, the DEMATEL, which is one of the multi-indicator decision-making methods, has been used and the opinions of 4 experts (urban planning, social, economic and social worker experts), who had sufficient knowledge of the research subject, were used in order to complete the initial matrix. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, experts in the fields of urbanism and urban planning were used, who confirmed its validity. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires has been evaluated through Cronbach's alpha test for about 20 questionnaires, which shows the good reliability of the questionnaire with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775.Results and discussionThe findings of this research show that according to the data from the field collection and the questionnaire and the results of the one-sample test, the qualitative status of the social, economic, facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern respectively with an average of 2.94, 2.07, 2.55, 1.25, 1.83 are at the lower than average level and the environmental dimension is at the average level with an average value of 3.01. The social and environmental dimensions are in the intermediate and medium to high level, which as mentioned earlier, factors such as relative security, establishment of ritual ceremonies, lack of differences and ethnic conflicts, reducing the level of pollution and proportionate collection of waste, have had a great impact on the relevant situation. The average level of facilities and services is mostly due to the existence of gas, electricity, drinking water network and provision of daily needs of the people, which mostly reflects the quantitative aspect, while Kouye Salar neighborhood has poor quality of drinking water and noticeable drop in water pressure in the warm season and the roads inside the neighborhood are not up to standard and quality, and at the same time, access to important services such as education and health is not optimal and is associated with difficulties and challenges for the residents. The neighborhood’s economy, regardless of its unfavorable and critical situation on a national scale, has complex conditions and the most important reason is the lack of attractiveness and fields for investment and entrepreneurship, and the existing micro-enterprises are currently operating with minimal production capacity and they are deprived of the necessary support and facilities. The worst situation is for urban management and historical patterns. Kouye Salar neighborhood, despite its historical background, does not have any suitable symbols and its public spaces, such as the network of roads, lack the necessary qualitative appeal. These factors have caused the overall livability level of the neighborhood to be defined as unfavorable, with an average of 2.27, and thus, the contrast and heterogeneity of an enclosed low-privileged place in the bio-peripheral circle is revealed with urban livability standards. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the collected field data show that the situation of social, economic, environmental, urban facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern dimensions in the neighborhood is in an unfavorable situation, and these factors have caused a decrease in the level of livability in Kouye Salar neighborhood, so that this neighborhood with an area of 511,486 m2 is at an unfavorable level and with an area of 262,972 m2 at an intermediate level.ConclusionThe target neighborhood has also been examined from view of structure and cause and effect analysis, and according to DEMATEL model, the degree of influential - effectiveness of each of the dimensions on the neighborhood livability (according to unfavorable, intermediate and favorable components) has been investigated which according to the desired factors and indicators, dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and three dimensions of environment, social and historical pattern as "disabled", are extracted and shown in the livability of the locative territor
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