تحلیلی بر اعتماد به جریان های سیاسی در محیط های شهری با تاکید بر توسعه پایدار شهرها: مورد مطالعه: کلانشهر شیراز

محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی شهری

اصغر میرفردی ¹

1 - دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، بخش جامعه‌شناسی و برنامه ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/07/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01

کلید واژه: کلانشهر شیراز, رسانه های جمعی, ایران, اعتماد سیاسی, محیط شهری,

چکیده مقاله :

اعتماد در هر بخشی از جامعه نقش محوری دارد. در این مقاله اعتماد به احزاب و جریان های سیاسی در محیط شهری کلانشهر شیراز با تاکید بر توسعه پایدار شهری بررسی شده است. هدف مقاله شناخت میزان اعتماد به احزاب در محیط شهری است. حجم نمونه 383 نفر بود که با نمونه گیری طبقه ای انتخاب شدند. با روش پیمایشی و پرسشنامه ساختمند محقق ساخته که روایی و پایایی آن به ترتیب با اعتبار صوری و ضریب آلفای کروئباخ ارزیابی شد، داده ها گردآوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معناداری بین میزان اعتماد به احزاب و جریان های سیاسی با توجه به میزان استفاده از رسانه های جمعی داخلی وجود دارد. بین میزان اعتماد به احزاب و جریان های سیاسی با توجه به میزان استفاده از رسانه های جمعی خارج از کشور تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد؛ ولی بین میزان متغیر وابسته و متغیرهای مدت عضویت در شبکه های اجتماعی رابطه معکوس معناداری وجود دارد. بین میزان آگاهی از احزاب و متغیر وابسته رابطه مستقیم و معناداری وجود دارد. بین سن و متغیر وابسته رابطه وجود ندارد. متغیرهای مستقل در مجموع بیش از 23 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین نموده اند. نتیجه کلی اینکه در محیط کلانشهرها اعتماد به احزاب با میزان استفاده از برخی رسانه های گروهی مدرن و آگاهی از احزاب رابطه دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This paper examines trust in political parties and currents in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of trust in parties in the urban environment. The sample size was 383 cases that were selected by random cluster sampling. The survey method and the self-administered questionnaire were applied whose validity and reliability were evaluated by Face validity and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient, respectively. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the level of trust in parties according to the use of domestic radios, domestic television, and magazines and newspapers. There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the use of satellites, the internet, and abroad Persian-language radios, but there is a significant indirect relationship between the degree of trust in parties and the membership period in social networks. There is a direct and significant relationship between the awareness of parties and the dependent variable. There is no relationship between age and the dependent variable. Independent variables explained more than 23% of the dependent variable variances. Trust in political parties in metropolis areas is associated with some modern media and awareness of political parties.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Political trust is the feeling of confidence that citizens have towards institutions and political actors and they believe that institutions, actors, and politicians behave in the right way in their field of work even in the absence of continuous monitoring (Blind, 2006). The metropolis of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, has a population composition with ethnic diversity and has faced a high population increase in the last two decades. Considering the centrality of the province and the regional position of this city in the southern part of the country, the evaluation of the components of political culture in it is of great importance. In this regard, this paper examines trust in political parties in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of trust in parties in the urban environment. Considering that most of the population of Iranian society lives in cities and metropolises are also the focus of political, social, cultural, and economic actions, knowing political trust in the urban environment is of great importance. The basic research question is what is the relationship between the use of mass media and political trust in political parties in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis?Methodology:In this research, the survey method and the self-administered questionnaire were applied whose validity and reliability were evaluated by Face validity and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient, respectively. The statistical population of the research included all the residents of Shiraz city 18 years and older (Iran Statistics Center, 2017), according to the size of the statistical population, based on Lin's table (Lin, 1976), the sample size was estimated to be 383 cases. Cluster random sampling was used to select samples by referring to localities with different socio-economic characteristics. The alpha coefficient for the variable of trust in political parties was 0.87 and for the variable of knowledge about political parties was 0.73.Results and discussion: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the level of trust in parties according to the use of domestic radios, domestic television, and magazines and newspapers. There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the use of satellites, the internet, and abroad Persian-language radios, but there is a significant indirect relationship between the degree of trust in parties and the membership period in social networks. There is a direct and significant relationship between the awareness of parties and the dependent variable. There is no relationship between age and the dependent variable. There is a direct and significant relationship between the level of awareness about parties and the level of trust in political parties. The Pearson coefficient obtained for the age variable in relation to the level of trust in political parties indicates the absence of a relationship between the two variables.There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the membership in social networks (Sig=0.156). Nevertheless, those who are not members of social networks have more trust in political parties. Independent variables explained more than 23% of the dependent variable variances. The contents of social networks can have divergent characteristics towards political parties. Due to their high cultural consumption and their lived experience in connection with political and administrative institutions, users living in metropolitan areas have a high level of distrust towards political parties.Conclusion: Foreign media users have less political trust than those who use domestic media more. The results obtained from the study of the media's role in the political trust are in line with framework theories such as Rush's political socialization model (Rush, 1998), the socio-cultural perspective on political trust and the image hypothesis, and their arguments support. There is a direct and significant relationship between the level of awareness of parties and the level of trust in political parties. The results of this study show the importance of media and the impact of their orientation on the political and social attitudes of the residents of the society, especially the residents of urban areas. According to the obtained results, the role of the media in the formation and transformation of political attitudes, especially political trust, can be analyzed according to the nature of their direction.Trust in political parties in metropolis areas is associated with some modern media and awareness of political parties. This finding is consistent with the results of the study by Crete et al. (2006) and Koushki et al. (2019). There is no relationship between age and trust in political parties. The finding obtained from the test of the relationship between these two variables is also compatible with Rush's political socialization perspective (Rush, 1998) and shows that awareness and recognition of political parties that are obtained through socialization, play an important role in political trust in political parties.

منابع و مأخذ:

• Aarts, K.; Fladmoe, A.; Strömback, J. (2011). 'Media and political trust across countries'. In: How the media inform democracy: A comparative approach edited by Toril Aalberg and James Curran, Routledge.


• Almond, G. A. & Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.


• Asadpoor, A., Moradi, A. (2020). The Role of Media Literacy in Political Trust (Case Study: People of Shahinshahr). Rasaneh, 31(3), 55-81. (In Persian).


• Ashtarian, K., Amirzadeh, M. (2015). Investigation of the effects of social networks on political participation (Case study: Tehran). Political Quarterly, 45(4), 825-841. (In Persian).


• Beesley, C., & Hawkins, D. (2022). Corruption, institutional trust and political engagement in Peru. World Development, 151, 105743.


• Blind, P. K. (2006), “Building Trust in Government in the Twenty- first Century: Review of Literature and Emerging Issues.” November 2006, pp. 3-4. unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan025062.pdf.


• Boulianne, Sh. (2015). Social Media Use and Participation: A Meta-analysis of Current Research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5): 524–538.


• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. pp. 58-241 in J. G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory a Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York.


• Capella, J. and Jamieson, K. H. (1997). Spiral of Cynicism. New York: Oxford University Press.


• Crete, J., Pelletier, R., and Couture, J. (2006), Political Trust in Canada: What Matters: Politics or Economics? Paper Prepared for Delivery at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, York University, Toronto,Ontario, June 1- 4.


• Dalton, R. J. (2006) Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Washington, D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Press. 4th edition.


• Danaee fard, H., Hassan zadeh, A., Nasrollahi, S. (2014). Survey of the Key Methods of Improving Public Trust to Government. Political Strategic Studies, 3(8), 101-118. (In Persian).


• Desposato, S. C.; Wang, G.; Wu, J. Y. (2021). "The long-term impact of mobilization and repression on political trust", Comparative Political Studies, first published March 16, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414021997171.


• Easton, D. (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: Wiley.


• Esmaeeli, H., Nasrollahi, A. (2016). Studying the Role of Persian Language Satellite TV Channels in Youths Political Culture; a Case Study of Tehran Districts 1 to 5. Communication Research, 22(84), 139-156. (In Persian).


• Fuchs, D., and Klingemann, H.-D. (1995). Citizens and the state: A changing relationship? In: Hans-Dieter Klingemann and Dieter Fuchs (eds.) Citizens and the state. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-23.


• Habermas, J. (2001). Legitimation Crisis. Translated to Persian Language by Jahangir Moieni. Tehran: Gam-e-Now Publications. (In Persian).


• Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.


• Inkeles, A. (1983). Exploring Individual Modernity. New York: Columbia University Press.


• Iran Statistics Center (2017). Iran National Population Census, 2016. Tehran: Iran Statistics Center. (In Persian).


• Jahangiri, J Mohammadi, F. (2014). A Comparative Study of Noorabad Mamasani's Young and Middle-Aged People's Political Participation and the Related Social Factors, Journal of Social Science 11(1), 1-26. (In Persian).


• KhajehSarvi, Gh., Noorbakhsh, S. M. (2018). How mass media influence the Tehran citizens’ political participation, Jostarha - ye Siyasi - ye Mo'aser, 9(2), 55-81. (In Persian).


• Kim, J. Y. (2005). Bowling Together" isn’t a Cure-All: The Relationship between Social Capital and Political Trust in South Korea, International Political Science Review, 26(2): 193-213.


• Kooshki, A. (2017). The study of relationship between mass media use and citizenship political trust; the case of Sabzvar county teachers", Urban and Rural management Journal, 47: 165-178. (In Persian).


• koushki, A., ansarifard, H., Hejazi, S. (2019). The revolution of the social media and its effects on political sociability (With emphasis on Iranian society). Political Sociology of Iran, 2(3), 163-199. (In Persian).


• Lin, N. (1976). The Foundations of Social Research. New York: Mc-Graw Hill.


• Lissitsa, S. (2021). Effects of digital use on trust in political institutions among ethnic minority and hegemonic group–A case study. Technology in Society, 66, 101633.


• Mahkouii, H., Bavir, H. (2021). Urban Development with an Approach to the Role of Local Government in Iran. Urban Environment Policy, 1(1), 17-26. (In Persian).


• Mirfardi, A., Ahmadi Gharnaiee, H. (2017). The Study of the Relationships between altruistic tendencies and Social trust in Interpersonal Relationships: the Case of 18 Years and Older Residents of Yasouj City. Journal of Applied Sociology, 27(4), 27-46. (In Persian).


• Mirfardi, A., Karimi, M., Esaei Khosh, K. (2020). The investigation of the role of evaluation of political parties and organizations in participation of Shiraz Residents in the elections. Bi-Quarterly Political Knowledge, 16(2), 649-670. (In Persian). 


• Mirfardi, A.; Faraji, F. (2014). The study of the relationship between socialization factors and tendency toward law-breaking. Socio-Cultural Strategy, 3(3), 41-68. (In Persian).


• Moradi, S., Delavari, A. (2019). Measuring of Political Trust and Identified Factors Affecting on In Kurdistan Province. Political Strategic Studies, 8(29), 81-110.


• Newton, K. (2001) “Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society and Democracy”, International Political Science Review, Vol. 22, No. 2.


• Panahi, M., Shaygan, F. (2007). The impact of religiosity on political trust. Social Sciences, 14(37), 73-108. (In Persian).


• Patterson, T. (1993). Out of order. New York: A. Knopf.


• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.


• Rabani Khorasgani, A., Mirfardi, A., Naseri, M. (2018). The Impact of Globalization on the Sociology Theories. Tehran: Andisheh Ehsan. First Edition. (In Persian).


• Rezaei, M., Azin, A., Jafari Nejad, M. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between the rate of Social Trust and Political Participation among students of Mazandaran University, The Islamic Revolution Approach, 11(39), 101-122. (In Persian).


• Rice، L. L.; Moffett، K. W. F, and Madupalli، R. (2012). “Campaign-Related Social Networking and the Political Participation of College Students", Social Science Computer Review، 31(3) 257-279.


• Robinson, M. J. (1976). "Public affairs television and the growth of political malaise: The case of ‘the selling of the Pentagon". American Political Science Review 70: 409-432.


• Rush, M. (1998). Politics & Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology. Routledge. Translated to Persian by Manowchehr Saboori. Tehran: SAMT Publications. (In Persian).


• Saei, A., Khezri, F. (2015). The study of Trust in Political Parties Case of Tarbiat Modares University Students, Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 9(2), 108-134. (In Persian).


• Sztompka, P. (2007). Trust: A Sociological Theory. Translated to Persian Language by Gholamreza Ghafari, Tehran: Shirazeh Publications. First Edition. (In Persian).


• Talebi, A., Heidari, S., Fatemi Nia, S. (2011). Factors influencing Political Trust: A Survey among Students of Sharif University of Technology. Research Letter of Political Science, 3(4): 179-208. (In Persian).


• Tazesh, Y., Diymad, Z. (2021). the relationship between social capital and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan City. Urban Environment Policy, 1(2), 67-82. (In Persian).


• Towner, T. L. (2013). “All Political Participation Is Socially Networked? New Media and the 2012 Election”, Social Science Computer Review, 31(5): 527-541.


• Williams, J. (1965). “Systematic Influences on Political Trust: The Importance of Perceived Institutional Performance,” Political Methodology, 11(1- 2), 125-142.


• Wu, C.; Wilkes, R. (2018). "Local–national political trust patterns: Why China is an exception", International Political Science Review, 39 (4): 436-454.


• Zhai, Y. (2019). "Popular democratic perception matters for political trust in authoritarian regimes", Politics, 39 (4): 411-429.


• Zmerli, S. and van der Meer, T. W.G. (Eds.) (2017). Handbook on Political Trust. Edward Elgar Pub.