تحلیلی بر ارتقای امنیت در بافت های تاریخی مراکز شهری با تکیه بر سرمایه اجتماعی و بازآفرینی فرهنگی (نمونه موردی: بافت تاریخی شهر ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
احمد شیخ احمدی
1
(ارومیه،خ گلبرگ نبش خ نارون)
میرصادق محمدی
2
(ارومیه،خ گلبرگ نبش خ نارون)
کلید واژه: بافت تاریخی ارومیه, طراحی شهری, تئوری زمینه‌ای, بازآفرینی شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه موضوع بافت های فرسوده از موضوعات اصلی شهرسازی به حساب می آید. بازآفرینی فرهنگ مبنا رویکردی جدید به بازآفرینی شهری است که در تلاش است با بهره گیری از ویژگی ها و برتری های فرهنگی اجتماعی هر منطقه، به ساخت دوباره شهر و محله پرداخته و فضای کالبدی اجتماعی متمایزی بر اساس فرهنگ محلی ساکنین و خصوصیات ویژه آن محل خلق نماید. این رویکرد تأثیری مثبت بر اقتصاد و ایجاد اشتغال در شهرها دارد و می تواند موجب افزایش پیوستگی اجتماعی و صنعت گردشگری در شهر شده و میزان جرم و جنایت را کاهش دهد. روش این تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و بر مطالعات اسنادی و میدانی استوار می باشد. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، داده های مصاحبة نیمه ساختار با استفاده از نظریه زمینه ای تحلیل شدند، یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از دیدگاه ساکنان، بازآفرینی در گرو پویایی و سرزندگی اجتماعی و اقتصادی می باشد. در این راستا مقولاتی همچون سهولت دزدی و بی احتیاطی، ایمنی و امنیت، بی کاری و فقر، فضای ساخته شده، اجتماعی، مشارکت ساکنین و نگاه مسئولین، فرهنگی و تاریخی، اقتصادی تسهیلات، تجهیزات و خدمات تاثیر گذارند. همچنین وجود یا نبود اعتماد و انگیزه در نوع نگاه ساکنین به آینده و محله تاثیر ویژه ای دارد. در بخش کمی این پژوهش با تدوین پرسشنامه و تکمیل آنها توسط ساکنین و متخصصین، با تحلیل نتایج داده های پرسشنامه و استفاده از آزمونهای فریدمن و همبستگی، یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد شاخص فرهنگی رتبة نخست را بدست آورده است. وجود پتانسیل بالقوه فرهنگی (میراث ملموس و ناملموس) نوید خوبی برای بازآفرینی فرهنگی می باشد. در میان شاخص ها شاخص زیست محیطی رتبه ی آخر را کسب نموده است. شرایط آب و هوایی ارومیه و همچنین علاقه ی شهروندان به طبیعت و کشاورزی دو عنصری هستند که با همت بیشتر طراحان و مسئولین می توان این شاخص را ارتقا داد. همچنین مولفه اجتماعی رتبه دوم را کسب نموده است که این نشانگر وجود پتانسیل بالای سرمایه اجتماعی در بافت تاریخی ارومیه می باشد.
Today, the issue of worn-out textures is one of the main issues of urban planning. Cultural Reconstruction is a new approach to urban regeneration that seeks to rebuild the city and neighborhood by taking advantage of the socio-cultural characteristics and advantages of each region and to create a distinct physical physical space based on the local culture and characteristics of the residents. Create that special place. This approach has a positive effect on the economy and job creation in cities and can increase social cohesion and the tourism industry in the city and reduce crime. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and is based on documentary and field studies. In the qualitative part of the research, the data of the semi-structured interview were analyzed using contextual theory. The research findings indicate that from the residents' point of view, regeneration depends on social and economic dynamism and vitality. In this regard, categories such as ease of theft and recklessness, safety and security, unemployment and poverty, built space, social, participation of residents and the view of officials, cultural and historical, economic facilities, equipment and services are influential. Also, the presence or absence of trust and motivation has a special effect on the way residents look at the future and the neighborhood. In the quantitative part of this research, by compiling a questionnaire and completing them by residents and experts, by analyzing the results of the questionnaire data and using Friedman and correlation tests, the research findings show that the cultural index has gained the first rank. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for cultural re-creation. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. The climatic conditions of Urmia as well as the interest of citizens in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials. Also, the social component has gained the second rank, which indicates the high potential of social capital in the historical context of Urmia.Extended Abstract Introduction: Security is one of the most important components affecting the quality of urban spaces. Today, most of these spaces, which are the center of social interactions of residential contexts, have become merely transitory channels without social life. With the reduction of residents' sense of belonging and the lack of public oversight, the above spaces have become places for committing various crimes. Any solution to restore and improve the safety and security and environmental efficiency of the old fabric of historic cities, requires a comprehensive view of the whole and the body of the city to be able to create an integrated view. The number of existing problems and the variety of decision-making centers in general have made this problem seem to be an insurmountable impasse in most cities of Iran. Inhomogeneous and unbalanced distribution of services in the city and especially in the historical centers of cities, uncoordinated growth of residential areas, urban facilities and equipment, population growth, unbalanced distribution of population in the city and lack of hierarchy consistent with today's life in urban arteries, lack of attention Social and cultural issues in the contexts are among the issues that each of them has an important impact on the formation of cities in Iran today, the need for rational payment and the revival of historical centers and rational load on these areas. May. What has turned the old urban fabric into a problematic node is physical deterioration over time, followed by social and cultural vulnerability. Problems and limitations such as incompatibility of body and activity, the existence of inconsistent urban elements, a small per capita use of some uses such as leisure, cultural and parking spaces, lack of proper hierarchy in the communication network and lack of permeability into organic tissue, Incompatible uses and traffic absorption, lack of public spaces suitable for the formation of social interactions, disruption in the land use system, some environmental pollution, gradual outflow of capital and activity reduce the importance and value of the historical context and identity of cities It has led to the departure of groups with high financial power and a sense of belonging to it, and has been replaced by low-income groups that lack a sense of place and space.In recent years, regeneration is considered as a new way to get out of the problems in valuable historical contexts, which facilitates the process of regeneration in three areas by improving and developing unique features of the place, such as historical and cultural values. It will be physical, economic and social. Today, culture has a more effective role not only in creating employment, urban regeneration and social cohesion, not only due to its inherent mission in promoting human rights and shaping collective knowledge and improving the quality of life.Methodology: The present research in terms of purpose, the present research is considered as a category of basic-applied research and in terms of nature and method, this study is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. Using library studies, documents and theoretical foundations related to the subject and foreign examples were collected. Using field studies, statistical and descriptive data required for research were collected using the question. Letters, interviews, field observations and impressions are covered. In this research, using the principles of grounded theory method (grounded theory), data collection by snowball method has continued until theoretical saturation. The method of data analysis and theory explanation is based on the coding process including open coding, axial coding and selective (selective) coding. ). Research information and data were obtained from a statistical sample using a semi-structured interview. The content analysis of the interviews was done in a regular and at the same time tedious process of data comparison, and for this purpose, a three-step process was used according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin. Also, for quantification, the questionnaire method and tests of SPSS software are used.Results and discussion: In the qualitative part of the research, the data of the semi-structured interview were analyzed using contextual theory. The research findings indicate that from the residents' point of view, regeneration depends on social and economic dynamism and vitality. In this regard, categories such as ease of theft and recklessness, safety and security, unemployment and poverty, built space, social, participation of residents and the view of officials, cultural and historical, economic facilities, equipment and services are influential. Also, the presence or absence of trust and motivation has a special effect on the way residents look at the future and the neighborhood. In a small part of this research, by compiling a questionnaire and completing them by residents and experts, by analyzing the results of the questionnaire data and using Friedman tests and correlation of results were obtained. Based on the obtained results, the cultural index has obtained the first rank. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for recreating the underlying culture. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. Urmia's climatic conditions as well as citizens' interest in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials.Conclusion: The present study studies the historical context of Urmia, which by extracting the criteria related to safety, security and reconstruction, tries to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the historical context of Urmia and eliminate its shortcomings and improve its spatial status. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for cultural re-creation. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. Urmia's climatic conditions as well as citizens' interest in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials. Also, the social component has gained the second rank, which indicates the high potential of social capital in the historical context of Urmia.
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