نقش فضای سبز و باز در ساختمان های بلند به منظور پایش توسعه کالبدی کلان شهرها (برگرفته از اثرات اجتماعی ، اقتصادی ، زیست محیطی)
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایدار شهریاصلان جنوبی 1 , حمید ماجدی 2 * , فرح حبیب 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: فضاهای سبز شهری , توسعه پایدار, گردشگری شهری , زیست محیطی.,
چکیده مقاله :
گسترش نامتوازن، و درهم تنیدگی عناصر و پهنه های ناهمگون، یکی از اصلی ترین عوامل بروز آشفتگی و گسست در فرم و پیوستار کلان شهرهاست. رشد شهرها طی فرآیندهای منقطع و گسسته ای که به دلیل عدم برخورداری از ثبات لازم در جریان شهرسازی و شهرنشینی، در بسیاری مواقع، به پدیده ای خودبخودی و غیرقابل پیش بینی بدل شده، موجب می گردد تا فرم های کالبدی ناهمگون در ارتفاع های مختلف، در پهن دشت شهرهای امروزین سر برآورند. این معضل نمودهای گوناگونی در زمینه های شهری مختلف داشته است و تاثر نامناسبی را بر پیکره شهرها و به ویزه برهم خوردن توازن میان زمینه شهری و پس زمینه های طبیعی و پیرامونی داشته است. پس از بررسی مبانی نظری و نقش سیستم های سبز در لایه های شهر و ساختمان به صورت کتابخانه ای اسنادی، گرداوری اطلاعات با روش پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. بدین منظور دو پرسشنامه متخصصین و ساکنین تهیه شد. جامعه آماری پرسشنامه متخصصین، اعضای انجمن جهانی زیرساخت های سبز (WGIN ) است و برای پرسشنامه ساکنین، ساکنین آپارتمان ها در کلان شهرهای ایران (تهران، شیرا، اصفهان) به عنوان جامعه آماری بودند. نتایج آزمون نشان از معناداری تمامی معیارهای متغیر مستقل (فضای باز و سبز در ساختمان های بلند مرتبه) بر متغیر وابسته (توسعه پایدار کلان شهرها) دارد. بدین صورت که هر یک از گونه های فضای باز و سبز در ساختمان های بلند مرتبه که شامل تراس سبز، بام سبز و جداره سبز می باشد، بیشترین تاثرگذاری خود را بر معیارهای توسعه پایدار (زیست محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی) دارند. بر این اساس، برونداد پزوهش، ارانه ضوابط فضای باز و سبز عمودی به منظور جبران سطح سبز از دست رفته در توسعه پراکنده کلان شهرها می باشد. نتیجه پزوهش، تدارک بستر استفاده از ضوابط مبتنی بر کاربست فضای سبز و باز عمودی در ساختمان های بلند مرتبه است که تاثر به سزایی بر تقویت جنبه های زیست محیطی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی توسعه پایدار و همچنین برقراری تعادل میان بستر طبیعی و محیط انسان ساخت خوا هد داشت.
Uneven urban expansion and the interweaving of heterogeneous elements and zones are considered among the most significant factors contributing to spatial disorder and fragmentation in the physical structure and continuity of contemporary megacities. This phenomenon largely results from the fragmented and unstable growth of cities, where the absence of stability and coherence in urban planning and development processes often leads to spontaneous and unpredictable forms of urbanization. The outcome of this process is the emergence of heterogeneous physical forms at various heights and scales, disrupting the balance between the urban context and the surrounding natural and peripheral environments, and producing adverse effects on the environmental, social, and visual quality of cities. The present study is descriptive–analytical in nature and applied in purpose, conducted based on both theoretical studies and field data. Initially, a library and documentary review was carried out to examine the theoretical foundations related to the role of green systems in different layers of the city and buildings. Subsequently, data were collected through questionnaires administered to two distinct populations: the first group comprised experts and professionals affiliated with the World Green Infrastructure Network (WGIN), and the second group included residents of high-rise apartment buildings in the major Iranian cities of Tehran, Shiraz, and Isfahan. The analysis of the data indicates that all components of open and green spaces in high-rise buildings, as independent variables, have a significant impact on the dependent variable, namely sustainable urban development. Specifically, various types of green spaces, including green terraces, green roofs, and green façades, play a crucial role in enhancing the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. Accordingly, the implementation of vertical green systems through the creation of urban microclimates can reduce the environmental challenges of contemporary urban life, improve the quality of habitation, compensate for lost green spaces in dispersed urban development, and more effectively realize the compact city theory, ultimately contributing to the balance between natural settings and the built environment.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Cities around the world are experiencing rapid growth, often without proper planning. This unplanned expansion disrupts the delicate balance between urban development and the natural environment. This study investigates the impact of unplanned urban growth on the structure of cities, particularly the disruption of the relationship between the built environment and natural landscapes.
Methodology
The research employed a descriptive–analytical approach with a mixed-method orientation. Initially, a library and documentary review was conducted to examine existing literature on green infrastructure in urban environments and its role in achieving sustainable development, forming the theoretical framework of the study. Subsequently, data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to two groups: experts affiliated with the World Green Infrastructures Network (WGIN), whose professional insights informed the expert perspective, and residents of high-rise apartment buildings in major Iranian cities, including Tehran, Shiraz, and Isfahan, to capture public perceptions regarding the importance of green spaces in urban settings.
Results and discussion
The analysis of the survey data revealed a statistically significant correlation between the availability of open and green spaces in high-rise buildings (independent variable) and the achievement of sustainable development in metropolitan areas (dependent variable). This finding suggests that all types of open and green spaces, including green terraces, roofs, and walls, can significantly contribute to environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability.
The results highlight the importance of incorporating green and open spaces into the design of high-rise buildings. This approach not only enhances the aesthetics of urban areas but also contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. Green spaces can improve air quality, promote social interaction, and potentially increase property values, thereby fostering economic benefits.
Conclusion
This research paves the way for the development of urban planning criteria that prioritize the integration of green and open vertical spaces in high-rise buildings. By embracing this approach, cities can achieve a better balance between the natural and built environments, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future for metropolitans.
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