تبیین چارچوب یکپارچه مولفه های کالبدی فرم شهری سلامت محور
Helia Sareminia
1
(
Department of urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
)
Fatemeh Mohammadniay Gharaei
2
(
Department of Urbanism, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
)
ساناز سعیدی مفرد
3
(
گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
)
Sulmaz Ghahramani
4
(
Department of Urbanism, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
)
کلید واژه: فرم شهری, سلامت شهری, مولفه های کالبدی, چارچوب یکپارچه,
چکیده مقاله :
مروری بر تاريخچه انسان، فعالیت و فن اوری بیانگر آن است که از بدو خلقت بشر، تاکنون تغییرات محیط و نیازهای بشری به عنوان يک عامل جدايی ناپذير در کنار هم به پیش رفته است. شهرها سیستم های پیچیده ای هستند که تحولات اخیر در سبک زندگی مردم باعث بروز بیماری های متعدد واگیر و غیرواگیر در بین ساکنان شهرها شده است. علاوه بر این، در دهه‌های اخیر، جهان شاهد انواع بیماری‌های عفونی نوظهور بوده است که برخی از آن‌ها به شیوع جهانی همه‌گیر تبدیل شده‌اند. در مقاله حاضر سعی شده جامع ترین بررسی برای ارزیابی رابطه بین ویژگی های کالبدی فرم شهری و سلامت شهری با تاکید بر تمام ابعاد ارائه شود. در این تحقیق از طریق یک بازنگری سیستماتیک، ابتدا ویژگی‌های کالبدی فرم شهری که بر سلامت شهری تأثیر می‌گذارد، گردآوری شد و سپس هم افزایی و مبادلات بالقوه بین این ابعاد شناسایی گردید. د رادامه با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای مقالات منتخب به ارائه زیرمعیارها و معیارهای و چارچوبی مبتنی بر ابعاد کالبدی فرم شهری سلامت محور با درنظرگرفتن همه جانبه ابعاد سلامت در محیط شهری پیشنهاد شده است که پیوندهای متقابل بین فرم شهری، سلامت شهری را ترکیب می‌کند. ارائه یک دیدگاه کل نگر جدید در مورد موضوع. نگاهی به روابط سلامت جسمانی،روان و ابعاد و مولفه های کالبدی فرم شهری به طور همزمان ممکن است به راهنمایی عملی در طراحی و مدیریت موثرتر فرم شهری سلامت محور کمک کند که به نفع همه ابعاد باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی :
A review of human history, activity and technology shows that since the beginning of human creation, the changes in the environment and human needs have gone together as an inseparable factor. Cities are complex systems that recent changes in people's lifestyles have caused the occurrence of many communicable and non-communicable diseases among city residents. In addition, in recent decades, the world has witnessed a variety of emerging infectious diseases, some of which have become global pandemics. In this article, it is tried to present the most comprehensive study to evaluate the relationship between urban physical features and urban health with emphasis on all dimensions. In this research, through a systematic review, the physical features of the urban form that affect urban health were first collected, and then the synergies and potential trade-offs between these dimensions were identified. In addition, by using the content analysis of selected articles, it is proposed to provide sub-criteria and criteria and a framework based on the physical dimensions of the health-oriented urban form by comprehensively considering the dimensions of health in the urban environment, which combines the mutual links between the urban form and urban health. Providing a new holistic perspective on the subject. Looking at the relationship between physical and mental health and dimensions and physical components of urban form simultaneously may help to provide practical guidance in designing and managing a more effective health-oriented urban form that benefits all dimensions.
[1] Barton H, Tsourou C. Healthy urban planning. Routledge; 2013 Jul 4.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857755
[2] Dempsey N, Brown C, Raman S, Porta S, Jenks M, Jones C, Bramley G. Elements of urban form. In Dimensions of the sustainable city 2010 (pp. 21-51). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8647-2_2
[3] Živković, J. Urban Form and Function. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 2018. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_78-1
[4] Dong H, Qin B. Exploring the link between neighborhood environment and mental wellbeing: A case study in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2017 Aug 1; 164:71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.04.005
[5] Mouratidis K. Built environment and social well-being: How does urban form affect social life and personal relationships?. Cities. 2018 Apr 1; 74:7-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.10.020
[6] Sharifi A, Khavarian-Garmsir AR. The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of the Total Environment. 2020 Dec 20; 749:142391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391
[7] King K. Neighborhood walkable urban form and C-reactive protein. Preventive medicine. 2013 Dec 1;57(6):850-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.019
[8] Lak A, Sharifi A, Badr S, Zali A, Maher A, Mostafavi E, Khalili D. Spatio-temporal patterns of the COVID-19 pandemic, and place-based influential factors at the neighborhood scale in Tehran. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Sep 1; 72:103034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103034
[9] Mouratidis K. How COVID-19 reshaped quality of life in cities: A synthesis and implications for urban planning. Land Use Policy. 2021 Dec 1; 111:105772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105772
[10] AbouKorin SA, Han H, Mahran MG. Role of urban planning characteristics in forming pandemic resilient cities–Case study of Covid-19 impacts on European cities within England, Germany and Italy. Cities. 2021 Nov 1; 118:103324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103324
[11] Mouratidis K, Peters S. COVID-19 impact on teleactivities: Role of built environment and implications for mobility. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2022 Apr 1; 158:251-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.007
[12] Mouratidis K, Yiannakou A. COVID-19 and urban planning: Built environment, health, and well-being in Greek cities before and during the pandemic. Cities. 2022 Feb 1; 121:103491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103491
[13] Campoli J, MacLean AS, Humstone E. Above and beyond: visualizing change in small towns and rural areas. Planners Press, American Planning Association; 2002.
[14] A Wilder-Smith, MD, D O Freedman, MD, Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020
[15] Hall, C.M., Y. Ram, and N. Shoval, The Routledge international handbook of walking. Routledge. 2017
[16] Leinberger C, Alfonzo M. Walk this way: The economic promise of walkable places in Metropolitan Washington, D.C. The Brookings Institution, 2012.
[17] Robinson JC. Amenities, walkability, and neighborhood stability: A mixed methods analysis. University of Pennsylvania; 2015.
[18] McAslan, D., Walking and transit use behavior in walkable urban neighborhoods. Michigan Journal of Sustainability, 2017. 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mjs.12333712.0005.104
[19] Giles-Corti B, Vernez-Moudon A, Reis R, Turrell G, Dannenberg AL, Badland H, Foster S, Lowe M, Sallis JF, Stevenson M, Owen N. City planning and population health: a global challenge. The lancet. 2016 Dec 10;388(10062):2912-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6
[20] Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha R. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International journal of surgery. 2020 Apr 1; 76:71-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
[21] Litman T. Pandemic-resilient community planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 2020 Jul.
[22] Gandy, M., The Paris sewers and the rationalization of urban space. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1999. 24(1): p. 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00023.x
[23] Proksch G. Creating urban agricultural systems: an integrated approach to design. Routledge; 2016 Nov 3.
[24] Megahed NA, Ghoneim EM. Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable cities and society. 2020 Oct 1; 61:102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
[25] Dmitriy G., Alevtina A. Modern technologies of ornamental plants cultivation in vertical structures. In: Vasenev V., Dovletyarova E., Cheng Z., Prokof’eva T., Morel J., Ananyeva N., editors. Urbanization: Challenge and opportunity for soil functions and ecosystem services. SUITMA 2017. Springer geography. Springer; Cham: 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89602-1
[26] Eltarabily S, Elghezanwy D. Post-pandemic cities-the impact of COVID-19 on cities and urban design. Architecture Research. 2020;10(3):75-84. DOI:10.5923/j.arch.20201003.02