عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر ارایه الگوی مسکن مناسب برای گروه‌های کم درآمد در شهر تبریز
لیلا سهیلی وند
1
(
دانشجوی دکترا گروه معماری ، واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز ، ایران
)
فرزین حق پرست
2
(
دانشیارگروه معماری ، واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی، تبریز ، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول )
f.haghparast@tabriziau.ac.ir
)
علیرضا سلطانی
3
(
استادیار گروه معماری ، واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز ، ایران
)
مهسا فرامرزی
4
(
استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و هنر،واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تبریز،ایران
)
کلید واژه: تبریز, آینده‌پژوهی, برنامه‌ریزی مسکن, گروه‌های کم‌درآمد,
چکیده مقاله :
دستیابی به مسکن برای گروه‌های مختلف جامعه به خصوص گروه‌های کم درآمد و کیفیت و کمیت آن، یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش های پیش روی دولت‌ها و جوامع است. عوامل متعددی سبب شده اند تا دسترسی به آن در شهرها به‌ویژه برای گروه‌های کم‌درآمد دشوار باشد. در این پژوهش پیشران های کلیدی مؤثر بر تأمین مسکن مناسب برای گروه‌های کم‌درآمد در شهر تبریز شناسایی و تحلیل شده اند. ابتدا با تکنیک پویش محیطی و دلفی، 40 عامل اولیه در چهار بعد شاخص‌های کالبدی- فضایی، شاخص‌های اقتصادی، شاخص‌های اجتماعی و شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی استخراج‌شده و سپس با استفاده از روش دلفی مدیران، ماتریس اثرات متقاطع مؤلفه‌ها تشکیل گردیده است و از طریق نرم افزار میک مک نسبت به تحلیل ماتریس اقدام شد و بر همین اساس پنج دسته متغیر مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت . با توجه به امتیاز بالای اثر گذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم عوامل، شانزده عامل اصلی به عنوان پیشران های کلیدی در راستای تأمین مسکن مناسب برای گروه‌های کم‌درآمد در کلان‌شهر تبریز مورد شناسایی قرارگرفت . این پیشران ها به ترتیب شامل مکان یابی، ایمنی و امنیت، تناسب و هماهنگی (هندسه منظم و متناسب)، مصالح مناسب و بهینه، بهره گیری از الگوی تقسیم فضایی، شناخت مردم و رنگ تعلق، دسترسی به حمل ونقل عمومی رعایت سلسله مراتب حریم، چیدمان فضایی مطلوب، طراحی حداقل و رعایت مقیاس انسانی، دسترسی به آب، برق، گاز، تلفن، فاضلاب، ارتباط با محیط، حفظ هویت مسکن، ایجاد بافت متوازن و متعادل، آرامش و خلوت و فضای سبز شهری بودند . از بین پیشران های مورد بررسی نیز، متغیر های بعد کالبدی- فضایی بیشترین تأثیر را بر تأمین مسکن گروه‌های موردنظر در محدوده مورد مطالعه و عوامل مربوط به بعد زیست‌محیطی کمترین درجه تأثیرگذاری را به خود اختصاص دادند .
چکیده انگلیسی :
Access to housing for various groups in society, especially low-income groups, and its quality and quantity is one of the most important challenges facing governments and communities. Numerous factors have made it difficult to access in cities, especially for low-income groups. In this study, the key drivers affecting the provision of adequate housing for low-income groups in the city of Tabriz have been identified and analyzed. First, with the environmental and Delphi scanning technique, 40 primary factors in four dimensions of physical-spatial indicators, economic indicators, social indicators and environmental indicators were extracted and then using the Delphi method of managers, the matrix of intersecting effects of the components was formed and through software. The matrix analysis was performed and five categories of variables were identified accordingly. Due to the high score of direct and indirect effect of factors, sixteen main factors as key drivers in order to provide suitable housing for groups. Low income was identified in Tabriz metropolis. Among the propellants studied, the variables of physical-spatial dimension had the greatest impact on housing of the groups in the study area and factors related to the environmental dimension had the least impact.
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2- Ahari, Zahra, Amini, Zahra (1996), Experiences of different countries in providing housing, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran.
3- Amani, Sharareh (2004), housing; Social justice and the role of the state; Housing Economics Quarterly, Nos. 35 and 36
4- Arshin, Mahsa, Sarvar, Rahim (2016), Evaluation of government executive policies in providing housing for low-income urban groups (Case study: Mashhad metropolis), Urban Management Studies, 9 (30), 81-95.
5-Babaghibi Azghandi, Alireza (2010), The Future of a New Approach in Comprehensive Urban Transportation Management, Traffic Management Studies Quarterly, Year 5 Issue 16
6- Bahmani, Afshin (2015), Evaluation of Mehr Housing Policy in Providing Housing for Low-Income Urban Groups, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities
7- Behforouz, Fatemeh (1991), Studies of Environmental Perception and Behavior in the Field of Behavioral Geography and Contemporary Human Geography Studies, Geographical Research, No. 20
8- Darkoosh, Abedin (2004), An Introduction to Urban Economy, Publications of the Center for Urban Studies and Planning, Tehran
9-Datta, K. and Jones, G.,( 2002), Housing and Finance in Developing Countries, Routledge, Newyork
10-Dehdehzadeh Silabi, Parvin (2015), Housing Planning for Low-Income Groups with Future Research Approach, Case Study of Ardabil, PhD Thesis, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University Mohaghegh Ardabili.Department of Families and Communities.(2004) Affordable Housing Design Guidelines, Government of South Australia, (www.housing.sa).
11-Drakakis-Smith, D. (2000) third world cities, London, Routledge Hall &Preiffer, 2000, 154.
12- Ebrahimi, Mehdi Heidarkhani, Amir Abdolm, Abdolmohammadi, Abel, Firoozabadi, Ameneh, Taybi, Nahid (2012), A Study of Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction with Urban Housing in Isfahan .N 18
13-Edwards, B., (1999), Sustainable Architecture: European Directives and Building Design, press oxford, UK.
14- Fathi, Soroush (2012), An Analysis of Social Relations in Sustainable Urban Space, Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, Volume 4, Number 4.
15-Godet, A. J., Meunier, M. F., Roubelat, F.( 2003) Structural analysis with the MICMAC method & actors' strategy with MACTOR method”, AC/UNU Millennium Project, Futures Research Methodology, 7(33), pp.20-41.
16-Gooding, T. (2017) Low-Income Housing Provision in Mauritius: Improving Social Justice and Place Quality, Habitat International, Vol 53, No 1, pp. 502-516.
17-Green, R. and Wachter, S. (2007), The Housing Finance Revolution: Implications for the Subprime Market Working Paper Prepared for the 31st Economic Policy Symposium: Housing, Housing Finance & Monetary Policy Jackson Hole, Wyoming Federal Research Bank of Kansas City
18-Grigsby, W. Rosenberg, L. (1975), Urban Housing Policy, APS Publications: NY.
19- Ghorbani, Rasoul, Roustaei, Shahrivar, Karami, Sonia (2020), Future research of factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Tabriz metropolis using the scenario writing approach and matrix of cross-effects, Journal of Geography and Planning,
20- Hajipour, Khalil, Ataei, Sina (2013), Determining the criteria for housing planning of low-income groups and evaluating the implementation plans of Mehr housing in small towns, Case study: 5 small towns in North Khorasan province, Studies And Urban and Regional Research, Volume 5, Number 19
21- Hekmatonia, Hassan, Ansari, Jinus (2012), Human Geography Research, No. 79
22- Jahanbin, Reza, Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza, (2010), Basic Housing Strategies for Low-Income Urban Groups (Case Study of Tabriz), Zagros Vision Geographical Quarterly, Second Year, No. 3.
23- Khalili, Ahmad, Noorollahi, Hanieh, Rashidi, Naeema, Rahmani, Maryam (2014), Evaluating Mehr Housing Policies in Iran and Presenting Strategies for Its Improvement, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, No. 13
24-Katz, B., Turner, M.A ( 2008), Rethinking U.S. Rental Housing Policy: A New Blueprint for Federal, State and Local Action, In Revisiting Rental Housing, edited by Nicolas P. Retsinas and Eric S. Belsky Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
25-Markvart, T., (2007), Radical green political theory and land use decision making for sustainability in the region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo.
26- Mobin, Homayoun, (2011), Review and analysis of housing supply policies for low-income groups in the country with emphasis on the Mehr housing project Case study: Sanandaj, M.Sc. Thesis in Urban Design and Planning , Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch.
27- Mohammadi Dah Cheshmeh, Pejman (2018), Evaluation of government housing policies for urban low-income groups, Geography Quarterly, 8 (2), 281-295
28-Piran, Parviz (2001), Sociological Analysis of Urban Housing in Iran: Informal Housing, Journal of the Iranian Sociological Association, No. 6
29-Saharkhiz, Morteza (2011), A Study of Factors Affecting Land Prices by Hedonic Method: A Case Study of District 8 of Tehran, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran.
30- Sarvari, Zehtab (2005), Housing Methods for Low-Income Groups, Case Study of Karaj, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Isfahan.
31- Shakouei, Hossein (2011), Perspectives on Urban Geography, Tehran Samat Publications.
32- Roustaei, Shahrivar, Ahadnejad, Mohsen, Asghari Zamani, Akbar, Zanganeh, Alireza (2012), A Study of Physical and Social Indicators of Housing in Determining Poverty Blocks Using Factor Analysis Model, Case Study of Kermanshah, Research Human Geography (Geographical Research), Volume 44, Number 81.
34-Neuma W. (2007) Social research methods, 6thed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, London.
35-Potter, R.B. & Lioyd- Evans (1998) The City in the Developing World, Essex, longman
36- Pourmohammadi, Mohammadreza, Asadi, Ahmad (2014), Evaluation of government housing policies for urban low-income groups, Case study of Zanjan city, Geographical space, Volume 14, Number 45
37-UN-HABITAT (2008), the State of the world's Cities 2008/2009: Homogenous Cities. www.unhabitat.org, 2008/10/28.
38- Ziari, Keramataleh (2006), Affordable Housing Policy, Proceedings of the Second Housing Development Seminar in Iran, Volume 1, National Land and Housing Organization, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran
39- Ziari, Keramatollah, Parhiz, Farhad, Mahdenjad, Hafez, Ashtari, Hafez (2010), Housing Assessment of Income Groups and Presentation of Low-Income Housing Program, Case Study: Lorestan Province, Human Geography Research, Issue 74
_||_- Alenso, W., (1964), Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent, Harvard University Press.
2- Ahari, Zahra, Amini, Zahra (1996), Experiences of different countries in providing housing, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran.
3- Amani, Sharareh (2004), housing; Social justice and the role of the state; Housing Economics Quarterly, Nos. 35 and 36
4- Arshin, Mahsa, Sarvar, Rahim (2016), Evaluation of government executive policies in providing housing for low-income urban groups (Case study: Mashhad metropolis), Urban Management Studies, 9 (30), 81-95.
5-Babaghibi Azghandi, Alireza (2010), The Future of a New Approach in Comprehensive Urban Transportation Management, Traffic Management Studies Quarterly, Year 5 Issue 16
6- Bahmani, Afshin (2015), Evaluation of Mehr Housing Policy in Providing Housing for Low-Income Urban Groups, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities
7- Behforouz, Fatemeh (1991), Studies of Environmental Perception and Behavior in the Field of Behavioral Geography and Contemporary Human Geography Studies, Geographical Research, No. 20
8- Darkoosh, Abedin (2004), An Introduction to Urban Economy, Publications of the Center for Urban Studies and Planning, Tehran
9-Datta, K. and Jones, G.,( 2002), Housing and Finance in Developing Countries, Routledge, Newyork
10-Dehdehzadeh Silabi, Parvin (2015), Housing Planning for Low-Income Groups with Future Research Approach, Case Study of Ardabil, PhD Thesis, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University Mohaghegh Ardabili.Department of Families and Communities.(2004) Affordable Housing Design Guidelines, Government of South Australia, (www.housing.sa).
11-Drakakis-Smith, D. (2000) third world cities, London, Routledge Hall &Preiffer, 2000, 154.
12- Ebrahimi, Mehdi Heidarkhani, Amir Abdolm, Abdolmohammadi, Abel, Firoozabadi, Ameneh, Taybi, Nahid (2012), A Study of Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction with Urban Housing in Isfahan .N 18
13-Edwards, B., (1999), Sustainable Architecture: European Directives and Building Design, press oxford, UK.
14- Fathi, Soroush (2012), An Analysis of Social Relations in Sustainable Urban Space, Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, Volume 4, Number 4.
15-Godet, A. J., Meunier, M. F., Roubelat, F.( 2003) Structural analysis with the MICMAC method & actors' strategy with MACTOR method”, AC/UNU Millennium Project, Futures Research Methodology, 7(33), pp.20-41.
16-Gooding, T. (2017) Low-Income Housing Provision in Mauritius: Improving Social Justice and Place Quality, Habitat International, Vol 53, No 1, pp. 502-516.
17-Green, R. and Wachter, S. (2007), The Housing Finance Revolution: Implications for the Subprime Market Working Paper Prepared for the 31st Economic Policy Symposium: Housing, Housing Finance & Monetary Policy Jackson Hole, Wyoming Federal Research Bank of Kansas City
18-Grigsby, W. Rosenberg, L. (1975), Urban Housing Policy, APS Publications: NY.
19- Ghorbani, Rasoul, Roustaei, Shahrivar, Karami, Sonia (2020), Future research of factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Tabriz metropolis using the scenario writing approach and matrix of cross-effects, Journal of Geography and Planning,
20- Hajipour, Khalil, Ataei, Sina (2013), Determining the criteria for housing planning of low-income groups and evaluating the implementation plans of Mehr housing in small towns, Case study: 5 small towns in North Khorasan province, Studies And Urban and Regional Research, Volume 5, Number 19
21- Hekmatonia, Hassan, Ansari, Jinus (2012), Human Geography Research, No. 79
22- Jahanbin, Reza, Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza, (2010), Basic Housing Strategies for Low-Income Urban Groups (Case Study of Tabriz), Zagros Vision Geographical Quarterly, Second Year, No. 3.
23- Khalili, Ahmad, Noorollahi, Hanieh, Rashidi, Naeema, Rahmani, Maryam (2014), Evaluating Mehr Housing Policies in Iran and Presenting Strategies for Its Improvement, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, No. 13
24-Katz, B., Turner, M.A ( 2008), Rethinking U.S. Rental Housing Policy: A New Blueprint for Federal, State and Local Action, In Revisiting Rental Housing, edited by Nicolas P. Retsinas and Eric S. Belsky Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
25-Markvart, T., (2007), Radical green political theory and land use decision making for sustainability in the region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo.
26- Mobin, Homayoun, (2011), Review and analysis of housing supply policies for low-income groups in the country with emphasis on the Mehr housing project Case study: Sanandaj, M.Sc. Thesis in Urban Design and Planning , Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch.
27- Mohammadi Dah Cheshmeh, Pejman (2018), Evaluation of government housing policies for urban low-income groups, Geography Quarterly, 8 (2), 281-295
28-Piran, Parviz (2001), Sociological Analysis of Urban Housing in Iran: Informal Housing, Journal of the Iranian Sociological Association, No. 6
29-Saharkhiz, Morteza (2011), A Study of Factors Affecting Land Prices by Hedonic Method: A Case Study of District 8 of Tehran, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran.
30- Sarvari, Zehtab (2005), Housing Methods for Low-Income Groups, Case Study of Karaj, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Isfahan.
31- Shakouei, Hossein (2011), Perspectives on Urban Geography, Tehran Samat Publications.
32- Roustaei, Shahrivar, Ahadnejad, Mohsen, Asghari Zamani, Akbar, Zanganeh, Alireza (2012), A Study of Physical and Social Indicators of Housing in Determining Poverty Blocks Using Factor Analysis Model, Case Study of Kermanshah, Research Human Geography (Geographical Research), Volume 44, Number 81.
34-Neuma W. (2007) Social research methods, 6thed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, London.
35-Potter, R.B. & Lioyd- Evans (1998) The City in the Developing World, Essex, longman
36- Pourmohammadi, Mohammadreza, Asadi, Ahmad (2014), Evaluation of government housing policies for urban low-income groups, Case study of Zanjan city, Geographical space, Volume 14, Number 45
37-UN-HABITAT (2008), the State of the world's Cities 2008/2009: Homogenous Cities. www.unhabitat.org, 2008/10/28.
38- Ziari, Keramataleh (2006), Affordable Housing Policy, Proceedings of the Second Housing Development Seminar in Iran, Volume 1, National Land and Housing Organization, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran
39- Ziari, Keramatollah, Parhiz, Farhad, Mahdenjad, Hafez, Ashtari, Hafez (2010), Housing Assessment of Income Groups and Presentation of Low-Income Housing Program, Case Study: Lorestan Province, Human Geography Research, Issue 74