آسیب شناسی پدیده کودکان کار در شهر کرمان: یک مطالعه پدیدارشناختی
محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی
علیرضا صنعت خواه
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هانیه انجم شعاع
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1 - استادیار و عضو گروه جامعه¬شناسی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
2 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه جامعه¬شناسی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران.
کلید واژه: کودکان کار, افاغنه, آسیب‌شناسی اجتماعی.,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مسائل اجتماعی که امروزه شهرهای بزرگ و کوچک شاهد آن هستند، پدیده کودکان کار است. کودکانی اکثر اوقات زندگی خود را در وضعیتی دشوار و در خیابان‌ها می‌گذرانند. هدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تجربه زیسته کودکان کار از کار خیابانی و آسیب‌های ناشی از آن است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیقات کیفی مبتنی بر روش پدیدارشناسی است. مشارکت کنندگان در پژوهش را 20 نفر از کودکان کار در شهر کرمان تشکیل داده که با استفاده از شیوه نمونه‌گیری در دسترس (در خیابان) انتخاب شده‌اند. از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته به عنوان ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها استفاده شده است. برای رسیدن به معیار قابلیت اعتماد از دو روش مقایسه‌های تحلیلی و استفاده از تکنیک ممیزی بهره گرفته شده است. داده‌ها بر طبق رویه مبتنی بر روش پدیدارشناختی در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، انتخابی و گزینشی (محوری) تجزیه و تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کودکان خیابانی از نیازهای اولیه زندگی محروم و در معرض مسائل اجتماعی متعدد از جمله: برخورد توهین‌آمیز با کودکان، آزار و اذیت جسمانی، برخوردار نبودن از حمایت عاطفی از مهم‌ترین آسیب‌های اجتماعی- روانی کودکان کار، عدم توانایی مالی درمانی و تبعیض بین بیماران مهم‌ترین مسائل و مشکلات خدمات پزشکی، نامساعد بودن شرایط اقتصادی خانواده، مشکلات خانوادگی، نداشتن شخصی برای حمایت مالی وترس از آینده‌ای نامعلوم از مهم‌ترین دغدغه‌های زندگی در فقر برای کودکان کار است.
One of the social issues that large and small cities are witnessing today is the phenomenon of child labor. Children spend most of their lives in a difficult situation and on the streets. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the lived experience of child labors from street work and the injuries caused by it. The current research is a qualitative research based on the phenomenological method. The participants in the research were 20 children in the city of Kerman, who were selected using available sampling method (on the street). A semi-structured interview has been used as a data collection tool. In order to reach the criterion of reliability, two methods of analytical comparisons and the use of audit techniques have been used. The data have been analyzed according to the procedure based on the phenomenological method in three stages of open, selective and selective (central) coding. The findings show that, street children are deprived from the basic needs of life and are exposed to many social issues, including: insulting treatment, with children , physical abuse , not receiving emotional support that is the most important socio-psychological injuries of child labor, lack of financial ability for treatment and discrimination between patients are the most important issues and problems of medical services , unfavorable economic conditions of the family , family problems , lack of financial support and fear of an unknown future are the most important concerns of living in poverty for these children
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