طراحی و تدوین بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس و مطالعه اثربخشی آن بر بهداشت جنسی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم
محورهای موضوعی : کودک
سمیرا افتخاری
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سعید رضایی
2
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منصوره شهریاری احمدی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان اشتثنایی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش كودكان استثنایی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان اشتثنایی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اختلال طیف اتیسم, بهداشت جنسی, توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی, رویکرد تیچ و پکس.,
چکیده مقاله :
کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم به دلیل فقدان مهارتهای اجتماعی در معرض خطر آزار و اذیت جنسی هستند. لذا هدف از اين پژوهش طراحی و تدوین بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس و مطالعه اثربخشی آن بر بر بهداشت جنسی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم بود. طرح پژوهشی نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمون – پس آزمون و پیگیری 1 ماهه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماري این پژوهش شامل تمامی کودکان پسر مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم 6 تا 12 ساله شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 از مدرسه ویژه اختلال اوتیسم بودند، از بین کل جامعه هدف به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس تعداد 40 نفر مبتلا به اوتیسم با استفاده از مقیاس تشخیص اوتیسم (Gilliam, 1995) انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش(20) و کنترل(20) قرار گرفتند. برای گروه آزمايشی، برنامه تدوین شده توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس طی 7 جلسه 45 دقيقهاي اجرا شد در حاليکه گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشي دريافت نکردند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه بهداشت و رفتار جنسی کودکان طیف اتیسم (Eftekhari et al, 2022) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مداخله توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی با رویکرد تیچ و پکس بر بهبود بهداشت و رفتار جنسی در مراحل پسآزمون و پیگیری تاثیر معنیدار داشته است (01/0P<). یافتههاي این پژوهش اطلاعات مفیدي را در ارتباط با بسته توانمندسازی ارتباطی-اجتماعی فراهم میکند و مشاوران و روانشناسان میتوانند براي بهبود بهداشت و رفتار جنسی درکودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم از این مداخله استفاده نمایند.
The purpose of this study was to design and compilation of social-communication enhancement package based on TEACCH and PECS approach and its effect on Sexual health of autistic children. The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all boys with autism spectrum disorder aged 6 to 12 years in Tehran in the academic year 2021. From the special school for autism, 40 autistic subjects were selected using the Autism Diagnosis Scale (Gilliam, 1995) and were randomly divided into experimental (20) and control (20) groups. For the experimental group, the developed communication-social empowerment program was implemented with the TEACCH and PECS approach during 7 sessions of 45 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included the Questionnaire of Health and Sexual Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum disorders (Eftekhari et al, 2022). The results showed that social-communication enhancement package based on TEACCH and PECS approach had a significant effect on improving Sexual health in the post-test and follow-up stages. Findings of this study provide useful information about social-communication enhancement package and counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve Sexual health in autistic children.
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