ماندن در سوگ : مطالعه پدیدارشناسانه تجربه سوگ نابهنجار بعد از مرگ عضوی از خانواده
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیپروین بانو عظیم اوغلی اسکویی 1 , کیومرث فرحبخش 2 , امید مرادی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه مشاوره، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مشاوره ، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مشاوره، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران.
کلید واژه: پدیدارشناسی, سوگ بهنجار, سوگ نابهنجار, سوگ, تجربه زیسته,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تجربۀ ماندن در سوگ بعد از مرگ عضوی از خانواده بود. در این پژوهش از روش کیفی پدیدارشناسی توصیفی استفاده شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان پژوهش از 12 زن و مرد با بازۀ سنی 30-50 ساله تشکیل شده بودند که دارای تجربۀ ماندن در سوگ عضوی از خانواده همانند فرزند، مادر، همسر یا ...خود بودند. مشارکت‌کنندگان به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبۀ عمیق بود. سؤالات مصاحبه باز پاسخ (تکمیلی) بودند که با یک سؤال کلی به این مضمون: از تجربۀ خود بعد از مرگ عزیزتان حرف می‌زنید، شروع می‌شد. در ادامۀ مصاحبه، برای کشف عمیق پدیده از سؤالات پیگیرانه مانند "می‌توانید در این باره بیشتر توضیح دهید،" استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها به 4 مضمون اصلی و 12 زیرمضمون فرعی منجر گردید که شامل مکانیسم‌های روانشناختی با درون‌مایه‌های فرعی: مکانیسم‌های هیجانی، مکانیسم‌های رفتاری و مکانیسم‌های شناختی؛ زمینه‌های خانوادگی با درون‌مایه‌های فرعی: عدم حمایت عاطفی و همراهی خانواده، عدم کارکرد و تغییر ساختار خانواده، عدم انتقال خانواده از مراحل سوگ و عدم کارکرد خرده‌نظام‌های خانواده؛ زمینه‌های شخصی با درون‌مایه‌های فرعی: ویژگی‌های شخصیتی مداخله‌گر، جایگاه متوفا در دنیای پدیداری فرد، تأثیر تجارب گذشتۀ فرد و زمینه‌های نگرشی با درون‌مایه‌های فرعی نگرش دینی یا غیر دینی و پذیرش یا عدم پذیرش واقعیت مرگ بود. یافته‌های این پژوهش ادبیات گذشته در زمینۀ سوگ نابهنجار در بافت خانواده را گسترش می‌دهد.
tThe purpose of this present study was to investigate the experience of the research participants after mourning the death of a family member.This study used a descriptive phenomenological research approach to collect and analyze data. This study participants consisted of 12 married or unmarried men and women with a diploma to a master's degree and in the age range of 30-50 years, who had the experience of staying in the mourning of a family member such as a child, parent, spouse or co-workers. Purposeful sampling was the selection and collection of data through in-depth interviews. The interview questions were open-ended (supplementary) with a general question: Tell us about your experience after the death of your loved one? It was starting. In the continuation of the interview, to explore the phenomenon in depth, follow-up questions such as can you explain more about this?. The participants attended in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached. Data analysis revealed 4 themes and 12 subthemes for the phenomenon, including: Psychological mechanisms with sub-themes: emotional mechanisms, behavioral mechanisms and cognitive mechanisms; Family contexts with sub-themes: lack of emotional support and family support, lack of functioning and change in family structure, lack of family transfer from mourning stages and non-functioning of family subsystems; Personal contexts with sub-themes: Interfering personality traits, the deceased's place in the phenomenal world of the individual, the impact of the individual's past experiences; Attitudes were with the sub-themes of religious or non-religious attitude and acceptance or non-acceptance of the fact of death. The findings of this study extend past literature on mourning in the family context.Keywords: mourning, normal mourning, abnormal mourning lived experience, phenomenology
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