پیش‌بینی پذیرش اعتیاد دانشجویان براساس احساسات خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی آنان
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
سعید اکبری زردخانه
1
,
سعید زندی
2
1 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: حمایت اجتماعی, دانشجویان, خودکارآمدی, پذیرش اعتیاد,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نقش پیش‌بینی‌کنندگی خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی در پذیرش اعتیاد دانشجویان بود. این مطالعه از نظر هدف جزء مطالعات بنیادی و از نظر شیوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع مطالعات توصیفی پس‌رویدادی بود. تعداد 296 دانشجو (153 دختر و 147 پسر) از بین دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و از آنها خواسته شد، پرسشنامه‌های حمایت اجتماعی (زیمت، داهلم، زیمت و فارلی، 1988)، خودکارآمدی (شوآتزر و جورازلم، 1995) و پذیرش اعتیاد (وید، باچر، بن پورات و مک‌کنا، 1992) را تکمیل کنند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی کلی چهار درصد از واریانس پذیرش اعتیاد را تبیین می‌کنند (003/0=P ). در ضمن از مؤلفه‌های حمایت اجتماعی، حمایت از جانب خانواده 6 درصد از واریانس پذیرش اعتیاد را تبیین می‌کند (006/0=P )؛ در صورتی که دیگر مؤلفه‌های حمایت اجتماعی دوستان و افراد مهم در این پیش‌بینی نقش معناداری را نشان ندادند؛ بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد که در پیشگیری از اعتیاد، تمرکز بیشتر بر رویکردهای خانواده‌محور و فردمدار در مقایسه با رویکردهای اجتماعی مؤثرتر باشد.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the predicting role of self-efficacy and social support in addiction admission among university students. In terms of purpose, this study was a basic research; and in terms of data collection, it was an ex post facto descriptive research. Using multistage cluster sampling method, 296 (153 female and 147 male) students were selected from University of Tehran and they were asked to complete Perceived Multidimensional Social Support (Zimet et al., 1980), Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), and Addiction Admission Scale (Weed et al., 1992). Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that total social support and self-efficacy can equally explain four percent of variance in addiction admission (p=0/003). In addition, among social support subscales, family support can explain six percent of variance in addiction admission (p=0/006). However, friend and significant others components did not have a significant role in the prediction. Therefore, focusing on family-oriented and individual-based approaches in addiction prevention may be more advantageous as compared to community-based approaches.
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