طراحی و اعتبارسنجی چارچوب برنامه درسی آموزش کاهش خطرپذیری از بلایای طبیعی برای دورة ابتدایی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، شیراز، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: بلایای طبیعی, اعتبارسنجی, دورة ابتدایی, برنامه درسی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش طراحی و اعتبارسنجی چارچوب برنامه درسی آموزش کاهش خطرپذیری از بلایای طبیعی برای دورة ابتدایی بود. این پژوهش جزء تحقیقات ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی-متوالی است. در بخش کیفی 12 نفر از متخصصان و اساتید پژوهشکدة زلزله‌شناسی و دانشگاه‌های کشور و متخصصان مدیریت بحران با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با تکنیک گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. در این بخش از روش مصاحبه، بررسی پیشینه و مطالعه منابع، متون و اسناد بالادستی برای دستیابی به مفاهیم، عبارات و واژه‌های کلیدی مرتبط با چارچوب مذکور استفاده گردید و داده‌های کیفی اولیه حاصل شد. با روش تحلیل مضمون، داده‌های کیفی تحلیل شد و چارچوب اولیه شکل گرفت. برای اعتباریابی چارچوب اولیه از معیارهای اعتبار سنجی کیفی استفاده شد. در بخش کمی، جامعة آماری شامل متخصصان دانشگاهی در حوزة مطالعات برنامه درسی و معلمان دورة ابتدایی بودند؛ که تعداد 20 نفر از متخصصان دانشگاهی در رشتة برنامه‌ریزی درسی و 110 نفر از معلمان دورة ابتدایی از بین تمامی معلمان دورة ابتدایی منطقه سرچهان (400 نفر) با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های کمی از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شد. برای سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از روش‌های روایی صوری و محتوایی و تحلیل عامل و برای محاسبة پایایی از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل عامل نشان داد که روش‌های تدریس با بار عاملی 96/0، محتوا و هدف 94/0، روش‌های ارزشیابی 93/0، مواد و منابع 97/0 و منطق و چرایی با بار عاملی 93/0 به ترتیب تبیین‌کنندة چارچوب برنامه درسی آموزش کاهش خطرپذیری از بلایای طبیعی در دورة ابتدایی هستند؛ و همچنین ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بالای 90/0 بیان‌کنندة پایایی قابل‌قبول عناصر برنامه درسی بود؛ بنابراین اعتبار چارچوب نهایی برنامه درسی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
The purpose of the research was to designing and validating a curriculum framework of natural disaster risk reduction education in primary school. This study is a sequential exploratory mixed method. In the qualitative section 12 experts and professors of the Institute of Seismology and the universities of Iran and crisis management specialists were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball technique. In this section, the interview method, literature reviews of research and study of resources, texts and upstream documents were used to attain concepts, phrases and key words related to the framework, and initial qualitative data were obtained. qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis method and the initial framework was formed. Qualitative validation criteria were used to validate the framework. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of university specialists in the field of curriculum studies and primary school teachers, Which 20 of university specialists and 110of primary school teachers in the sarchehan district(400) that were selected by simple random sampling method. to collect quantitative data a teacher made questionnaire was used. To confirm the validity of the questionnaire, face and content validity and factor analysis and for calculating reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. The results of factor analysis showed that teaching methods with factor load of 0.96, content 0.94, evaluation methods 0.93, materials & resources 0.97, and logic with load factor of 0.93 explained the curriculum framework of natural disaster risk reduction education in primary school. Also, the coefficient of Cronbach's alpha above 0.90 confirmed reliability of curriculum elements. Therefore, the validity of the final curriculum framework was confirmed.
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