راهکارهای طراحی طبیعت‌محور فضاهای آموزشی دوره ابتدایی برای تحقق اهداف برنامه درسی ملی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
1 - استادیار معماری، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
کلید واژه: طبیعت, طراحی مدرسه, برنامه درسی ملی, دوره ابتدایی,
چکیده مقاله :
کودکی اولین و مهم‌ترین دورة زندگی آدمی است که در آن برای اولین بار مفهوم خود، طبیعت و روابط اجتماعی در آن شکل می‌گیرد. بر این اساس در هدف‌گذاری اصلی برای تدوین برنامه درسی ملی نیز به این اهداف برای کودکان پرداخته شده است. یکی از پرسش‌هایی که برای تحقق اهداف برنامه درسی به آن باید پاسخ داد چگونگی محیط فیزیکی است که امر آموزش و پرورش در آنجا رخ می‌دهد. از طرفی حضور طبیعت در طراحی فضاهای آموزشی نیز بنا بر مطالعات انجام شده، قابلیت‌های بسیار زیادی برای تأمین نیازهای مختلف کودکان در رشد و آموزش و پرورش داراست. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیراتی که طراحی با رویکرد طبیعت‌محور در فضاهای آموزشی دوره ابتدایی می‌تواند بر رسیدن به اهداف برنامه درسی ملی داشته باشد، شکل گرفته. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعة توصیفی تحلیلی است که با روش کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی متون و استدلال منطقی شکل گرفته است. یافته‌های پژوهش شامل راهکارهای طراحی طبیعت‌محور برای دستیابی به اهداف برنامه درسی ملی می‌باشند که از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها می‌توان به استفاده از الگوهای طراحی پایدار در طراحی مدارس، طراحی دو حیاط جداگانه آموزشی و ورزشی اجتماعی، طراحی فضاهای نیمه‌باز آموزشی در مجاورت فضای کلاس‌ها، استفاده از دید بصری به فضای سبز طبیعی از فضاهای داخلی، استفاده از شیوه‌های باغ‌سازی ایرانی در طراحی محوطه‌ها، ایجاد تنوع فضایی با ایجاد فضاهای متنوع بسته، باز و نیمه‌باز، اشاره نمود.
Childhood is the first and most important period of human life in which the concept of self, nature and social relations for the first time forms in it. Accordingly, these goals have been addressed to children in the main goal of national curriculum development. One of the questions that need to be answered in order to achieve the goals of the curriculum is how the physical environment in which education occurs. On the other hand, the presence of nature in the design of educational spaces, according to studies, has many potentialities to access the various needs of children in growth and education. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of design with a nature-based approach in primary educational spaces to achieve the goals of the national curriculum. The present study is an analytical descriptive study which is based on the library method and the review of texts and logical reasoning. The findings of the study include nature-based design strategies for achieving the goals of the national curriculum. The most important of which is the use of sustainable design patterns in school design, the design of two separate courtyards of educational and sports facilities, the design of semi-open educational spaces in the proximity of theory classes, visual visibility to the natural green spaces of the interior spaces, the use of Iranian gardening patterns in the design of enclosures, the creation of spatial diversity by creating a variety of closed, open and semi-open spaces.
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