بررسی آثار و پیامدهای اقامتگاه ‏های بوم‏گردی بر جوامع روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای کنگ و درخت سپیدار استان خراسان رضوی)

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایری

خدیجه بوزر جمهری ¹ (دانشیار حغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
فهیمه جعفری ² (دانشجو دکتری جغرافیا برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)
علیرضا معینی ³ (پژوهشگر جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، پژوهشکده گردشگری، دانشجو دکتری جغرافیا برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/05/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01

کلید واژه: اقامتگاه بوم‏گردی, روستای درخت سپیدار, اقامتگاه کنگ کهن, اقامتگاه جاده ابریشم,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: پژوهش های نظری و تجربی نشان می دهد، اقامتگاه های بوم گردی، نقش مهمی در توسعه و جذب گردشگران ایفا می کند و تأثیرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی بسیاری بر جامعۀ میزبان دارد. هدف: پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسۀ آثار و پیامدهای اقامتگاه های بوم گردی پرداخته است. روش شناسی تحقیق: روش تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی است و برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده شده است. جهت انتخاب حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده گردید. براساس فرمول کوکران 184 نفر از روستای کنگ و 77 نفر از روستای درخت سپیدار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفتند. میزان اعتبار (روایی شاخص ها) را 10 نفر از داوران متخصص در حوزة مطالعات گردشگری ارزیابی و تأیید کردند. پایایی پرسش نامه با بهره گیری از آزمون کرونباخ 0.79 به دست آمد و داده ها در قالب روش تحلیل عاملی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. با توجه به میزان شاخص آزمون کایزر مایر ‌(KMO) و بارتلت که برابر با 797‌/‌0 و با سطح معناداری 000/0 به دست آمد. قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش: روستای کنگ (شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز) و درخت سپیدار (شهرستان مشهد) در استان خراسان رضوی می باشد. یافته ها و بحث: نتایج نشان می دهد که ایجاد اقامتگاه از بُعد اقتصادی و زیست محیطی و کالبدی با میزان 75/0 و 74/0 بیشترین بار عاملی را به خود اختصاص می دهند. برای پی بردن به تفاوت اثرات اقامتگاه های بوم گردی در روستاهای کنگ و درخت سپیدار از آزمون یومان ویتنی استفاده شد و مقدار سطح معناداری بیشتر از 05/0 به دست آمد که نشان دهنده تفاوت اثرات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی در روستاهای مورد مطالعه است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an important role in the development and attraction of tourists and has many economic, social and environmental impacts on the host society.Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods are used for data collection. According to the Cochran formula, 184 people from the village of Kang and 77 villages of the Sepidar Derakht were selected as the sample and questioned. Validity (validity of indicators) was evaluated and confirmed by 10 Experts specializing in the field of tourism studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's test (0.79) and the data were analyzed using a factor analysis method.Results: According to the Kizer Meyer test (KMO) and Bartlet test, which was equal to 797 and with a significant level of 0/000. The results show that the establishment of the residence of the economic, environmental and physical dimensions with the rates of 0.75 and 0.74, are the most frequent factors. To find out the difference between the effects of Ecotourism residence in Kang and Villas, Mann- Whitney U- test was used and the level of significance was more than 0.05, which indicates the difference between the economic and environmental impacts of the studied Rurals.

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