بررسی نظری و تجربی شاخصهای عدالت در سلامت شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر بجنورد)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
محمد احمدی
1
(دانش اموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
حسین حاتمی نژاد
2
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
احمد پوراحمد
3
(استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
کرامت اله زیاری
4
(استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
سعید زنگنه شهرکی
5
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: عدالت در سلامت, شهر بجنورد, مدل ELECTRE, سلامت شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
برنامه ریزی سلامت شهری، فرآیندی آگاهانه برای تأمین سلامت و تندرستی کامل جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی همه ساکنین شهر از طریق تعیین سیاست‌های سلامت محور، نظام مناسب برنامه‌ریزی سلامت شهری، بهبود تعیین‌کننده‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیط فیزیکی شهر است. هدف اصلی برنامه‌ریزی سلامت شهری دستیابی عادلانه همه ساکنین به سلامت کامل جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی و همچنین دستیابی عادلانه به تعیین‌کننده‌های سلامت شهری می‌باشد. در‌این پژوهش به طور نظری و تجربی، عدالت در سلامت شهری، ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخصهای آن بررسی گردید. پژوهش حاضر از جمله پژوهش‌های کاربردی-توسعه‌ای (از نظر هدف)، توصیفی-تحلیلی (از نظر ماهیت و روش انجام) و کمی (از نظر روش گردآوری و تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‌ها) می‌باشد. این پژوهش دو هدف اصلی را دنبال می‌کند: 1- شناخت جامع ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخصهای عدالت در سلامت شهری و 2- آزمون تجربی این شاخص‌ها در شهر بجنورد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات مربوط به هدف اول، از روش کتابخانه‌ای و برای گردآوری اطلاعات مربوط به هدف دوم، از روش کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایشی استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل و نمایش داده‌ها نیز با مدل‌های AHP، Electre و نرم‌افزار Arc map انجام شده است. طبق نتایج نظری، شاخصهای عدالت در سلامت شهری به دو گروه شاخصهای تعیین‌کننده و شاخصهای پیامد تقسیم شدند، هر یک ازین دو گروه دارای ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخص‌هایی هستند که در متن مقاله آورده شده است. طبق نتایج تجربی، شاخصهای تعیین‌کننده عدالت در سلامت شهری در محله‌های مختلف شهر بجنورد دارای تفاوت بسیار زیاد هستند. به عبارت دیگر، افراد در محله‌های مختلف شهر بجنورد دسترسی ناعادلانه‌ای به تعیین‌کننده‌های سلامت شهری دارند.
Urban health planning is an informed process for the provision of full physical and psychological health and well-being for all inhabitants by setting health-oriented policies, creating an appropriate system of urban health planning and improving the social, economic and physical determinants of the city. The main objective of urban health planning is to provide equal access for all inhabitants to full physical, psychological and social health as well as equal access to urban health determinants. This study intends to address urban health equity and its dimensions, variables and indicators both theoretically and empirically. The current study uses a quantitative, descriptive-analytical and applied developmental research design in terms of data collection and analysis, implementation procedures and objectives, respectively. This research pursues two main objectives: 1) A comprehensive understanding of the dimensions, variables and indicators of urban health equity; and, 2) an empirical evaluation of these indicators in Bojnourd city. For data collection, we conducted an extensive literature review in the case of the first objective and a combination of literature review and field survey in the case of the second objective. The data were analyzed and configured with AHP, Electre and ArcMap software tools. The results of the theoretical part of the study yielded a pattern in which urban health equity indicators were divided into two groups of outcome and determinant indicators. The results of the empirical study show that the citizens of Bojnourd city do not have equal access to urban health determinants.
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