ارزیابی مقایسه‌ای سطح کیفیت زندگی عشایر استان چهارمحال و بختیاری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان کوهرنگ)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
اصغر نوروزی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
مینا محمدیزاده
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: کیفیت زندگی, عشایر اسکان یافته, عشایر اسکان نیافته, شهرستان کوهرنگ,
چکیده مقاله :
جامعة عشایری، سومین جامعه انسانی کشور(شهری، روستایی، عشایری) است که در سدة اخیر شدیداً تحت تأثیر تحولات سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی قرارگرفته‌اند. گروهی اسکان و گروهی تداوم کوچ‌نشینی را انتخاب کرده‌اند. بررسی تفاوت در شرایط زیست هر دو گروه در راستای تقویت اندیشة اسکان و یا کوچ بسیار اهمیت دارد. یکی از ابعاد مهم در این زمینه کیفیت زندگی است که امروزه به‌عنوان یکی از موضوعات مهم، موردتوجه برنامه‌ریزان و دولت‌ها قرار دارد. بااین‌وجود در خصوص جامعة عشایری کمتر به آن پرداخته‌شده و تحقیقات علمیِ انجام‌شده در این زمینه، محدودتر است. در تحقیق حاضر به ارزیابی مقایسه‌ای سطح کیفیت زندگی عشایر اسکان‌یافته و اسکان نیافته شهرستان کوهرنگ پرداخته‌شد. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و از حیث روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده و نمونة آماری270 نفری شامل 153 خانوار اسکان‌یافته و117 خانوار اسکان نیافته بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعیین و با روش طبقه‌ای-تصادفی انتخاب و مورد پرسش قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری، پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته بوده و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل از آزمون‌های آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد بین ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی و محیطی با توجه به میانگین‌ها و سطوح معنی‌داری، در بین دو جامعة اسکان‌یافته و اسکان نیافته تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. هرچند بین ابعاد اقتصادی در بین دو جامعه ازنظر میانگین آن‌ها اختلاف زیادی وجود نداشت؛ اما با توجه سطح معنی‌داری(کمتراز05/0)، ازنظر آماری معنی‌دار است. بااین‌وجود عشایر اسکان‌یافته در تمامی ابعاد کیفیت زندگی، وضعیت بهتری نسبت به عشایر اسکان نیافته دارند. همچنین بیشترین اختلاف بین دو جامعه در بعد محیطی مشاهده‌شده است.
The nomadic community is the country's third human society (urban, rural, nomadic), which has been strongly influenced by the political, economic and social developments of the society in the century recent. A group of this community has been settled and a group has chosen the continuation of nomads. It is very important to examine the difference in living conditions of both groups in order to strengthen the idea of settlement or migration. One of the important aspects in this regard is quality of life, which has recently been considered by researchers, planners and governments as one of the important issues. However, less attention has been paid to the nomadic community and the scientific research carried out in this area is more limited. In this study, comparative evaluation of quality of life of settled and not-settled nomads of Koohrang city has been investigated. A sample of 270 people consisted of 153settled households and 117not-settled households. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two settled and not-settled communities in terms ofsocial and physical, environmental and economic dimensions, with respect to the means and the levels of significance.Although there was not great significant difference between the two communities in terms of their meaneconomic dimension, but with significance level (less than 0.05), it was statistically significant.However, the nomads settled in all aspects of the quality of life are in a better position than the not-settlednomads. Also, the greatest difference was observed between the two nomadic communities in the environmental dimension.
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