تحلیل اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی بر بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان پیرامون مدیریت بحران زلزله (مطالعه موردی: دهستان ازومدل شمالی، شهرستان ورزقان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
1 - استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ادربیل، ایران
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, استان آذربایجان شرقی, سانحه, تاب آوری سوانح,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این مقاله مطالعه و تحلیل اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان پیرامون مدیریت سانحه زلزله در مناطق روستایی شهرستان ورزقان می‌باشد. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف توسعه‌ای، و از لحاظ ماهیت، پیمایشی و نیز از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل همه روستاهای آسیب دیده دهستان ازومدل شمالی و خانوارهای ساکن در این روستاها به تعداد 398 خانوار است که از این میان تعداد 196 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. در این تحقیق روش گرد‌آوری داده‌ها برای پاسخ‌گویی به سئوالات تحقیق، به دو صورت اسنادی (داده‌های ثانویه) و پیمایشی (داده‌های اولیه) و ابزار مورد استفاده در روش پیمایشی پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه بوده است. روایی صوری پرسش‌نامه توسط پانل متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. مطالعه راهنما در منطقه مشابه جامعه آماری با تعداد30 پرسش نامه صورت گرفت و با داده‌های کسب شده و استفاده از فرمول ویژه آلفای کرونباخ در نرم افزار SPSS، پایایی بخش‌های مختلف پرسش‌نامه تحقیق72 /0 الی 88/0 بدست آمد. در نهایت، نتایج، یافته‌های استنباطی تحقیق نشان داد که به جز دو متغیر میزان انسجام اجتماعی و رضایتمندی بین تمامی متغیرهای تحقیق با بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان در مناطق روستایی شهرستان ورزقان رابطه مستقیم و معناداری وجود دارد و در خاتمه، با توجه به تحلیل نتایج پیشنهادات کاربردی ارائه شده است.
The purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all damaged villages of north Ozomdul Dehstan and households residing in this villages (N=398) among which 196 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.80-0.86).Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there are significant relation between the variables of awareness, social confidence, social participation, social communication, knowledge and information exchange and horizontal relations and improvement of villager’s resiliency in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Finally, according to the study results, a number of recommendations also presented
Ahern, N. R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., & Byers, J. (2010). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 2(9), 103-125.
Arnesen, A.(2013). Resilience, social capital, and well-being:A cross-sectional study in a context of adversity, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
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Boyd, E. H., Osbahr, P. J., Ericksen, E. L., Tompkins, M., (2010), “Resilience and ‘climatizing’ development: examples and policy implications.” Environmental Development, 51 (3), 390–396.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E.(2010). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4),598-606.
Duit, A., V. Galaz, K., Eckerberg, P., Ebbesson, J. (2013). “Governance, complexity, and resilience.” Global Environmental Change 20 (3), 363–368.
Einali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N.(2014). assessment of social capital role on decreasing effects earthquake adventure in Sejaroud Dehstan, Khodabandhe County, Applied Research on Geographic Sciences, 2(3),93- 115.
Feigenberg, B., E. M., Field, F., and Pande, R., (2013), Building social capital through Microfinance. Working Paper 16018. Cambridge, MA, US: National Bureau of Economic Research.
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Ghorbani, M., Salari, F., Hamidian, A and Nasri, M. (2016). analysis of community beneficiaries networks for reinforcement resiliency and natural ecosystems sustainable management, (Case Study: Region of Gorgo, Boir Ahmad), Journal of Natural Environment, 6 (9), 469-486.
Heidari Sarban, V., & and Majnoni, A. (2017), the role of livelihood diversity on villagers resiliency around lake Ormia against drought, Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3 (4), 49-70.
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Kazemi, D., & Andalib, A. (2017). assessment of influencing components of rural settlements community resilience on crisis condition, Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1 (58), 131-145.
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Motahari, Z., & and Rafieian, M. (2017). Explanation of a model in order to promoting crisis management with community-oriented approach, Case Study: Local communities of Tehran, Journal of Architecture & Urban Design &Urban Planning, 7(1), 389-401.
Nori, H.,& Sepahvand, F. (2016). Analysis of rural settlement resiliency against natural hazards with emphasis on earthquake, (Case Study: Dehstane Shirvan, Bojnord County), the Journal of Rural Research, 7(2), 275- 285.
Pinkerton, J., & Dolan, P., (2013), Family support, social capital, resilience and adolescent coping. Child and Family Social Work, 1(2), 219-228.
Piran, P., Asadi, S., & Dadegar, N. (2017). Survey the role of social resiliency on reconstruction process success, (Case Study: the villagers of Darbe Astanhe and Babapeshman after earthquake 2006 Silakhor, Lorestan Province), Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1(57), 87-99.
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Spielman, D. J., K. Davis, M., Negash,D., Ayele,G. (2014). “Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian Smallholders.” Agriculture and Human Values, 28 (2): 195–212. Doi:10.1007/s10460‐010‐9273‐Y.
The World Bank. (2013). Measuring the dimensions of social capital, accessed on the 08/Aug/2013. http://web.worldbank.org.
Virgone, K., and Cairns, L. (2010). Social capital: A definition and its importance in disaster management, http://porto.polito. it/view/ full/ none/ 2007.authors_string.html.
Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., and Raine, R. (2013). “Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.
_||_Ahern, N.R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., & Byers, J. (2010). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 2(9), 103-125.
Arnesen, A. (2013). Resilience, social capital, and well-being: A cross-sectional study in a context of adversity, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Barrett, C. B., & Constas, M., (2015). Towards a theory of resilience for international development applications. Paper presented at IFPRI Policy Seminar, Washington, DC, and August 2.
Berman, R., C. Quinn, & Paavola. J. (2015). “The role of institutions in the transformation of coping capacity to sustainable adaptive capacity. Environmental Development, 2 (5), 86–100.
Boyd, E. H., Osbahr, P. J., Ericksen, E. L., & Tompkins, M. (2010), Resilience and ‘climatizing’ development: examples and policy implications. Environmental Development, 51 (3), 390–396.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E. (2010). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606.
Duit, A., V. Galaz, K., Eckerberg, P., Ebbesson, J. (2013). “Governance, complexity, and resilience.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (3), 363–368.
Einali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N. (2014). Assessment of social capital role on decreasing effects earthquake adventure in Sejaroud Dehstan, Khodabandhe County. Applied Research on Geographic Sciences, 2(3), 93- 115. (In Persian):
Feigenberg, B., E. M., Field, F., and Pande, R., (2013), Building social capital through Microfinance. Working Paper 16018. Cambridge, MA, US: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., & Flaten, M. A., (2011), Resiliencey as a moderator of pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Ghorbani, M., Salari, F., Hamidian, A & Nasri, M. (2016). Analysis of community beneficiaries networks for reinforcement resiliency and natural ecosystems sustainable management, (Case Study: Region of Gorgo, Boir Ahmad). Journal of Natural Environment, 6 (9), 469-486. (In Persian.
Heidari Sarban, V., & Majnoni, A. (2017), the role of livelihood diversity on villagers resiliency around lake Ormia against drought, Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3 (4), 49-70. (In Persian).
Heidari Sarban. (2019), Study and analysis of factors improvement of villagers resiliency regarding earthquake crisis, Case Stusy: Varzeghan County, North Ozomdul Dehstan, Journal of Geography, 3 (9), 703-717. . (In Persian):
Jones, L., S. Jaspars, S., Panvanello, R., Slater, A., Arnall, N., (2013) “Responding to a changing climate: exploring how disaster risk reduction, social protection and livelihoods approaches promote features of adaptive capacity.” Working Paper 319. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Kazemi, D., & Andalib, A. (2017). Assessment of influencing components of rural settlements community resilience on crisis condition. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1 (58), 131-145. (In Persian).
Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2015). What is social resilience? Lessons learned and the way forward. Erdkunde, 67 (1), 5–19.
Luthans, F., & Avolio, BJ. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personal Psychology, l (6):138-146.
Minani., B, Rurema, D.G., & Lebailly, P. (2015). Rural resilience and the role of social capital among farmers in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi, Agro inform Publishing House, Budapest.
Moore, M.L., & Westley, F. (2015). Surmountable chasms: networks and social innovation for resilient systems. ecology and society 16 (1): 5. www. ecologyandsociety. org/ vol16/ iss1/ art5/.
Motahari, Z., Rafieian, M. (2017). Explanation of a model in order to promoting crisis management with community-oriented approach, Case Study: Local communities of Tehran, Journal of Architecture & Urban Design &Urban Planning, 7(1), 389-401.
Nori, H. & Sepahvand, F. (2016). Analysis of rural settlement resiliency against natural hazards with emphasis on earthquake, (Case Study: Dehstane Shirvan, Bojnord County), the Journal of Rural Research, 7(2), 275- 285. . (In Persian).
Pinkerton, J., & Dolan, P., (2013). Family support, social capital, resilience and adolescent coping. Child and Family Social Work, 1(2), 219-228.
Piran, P., Asadi, S., & Dadegar, N. (2017). Survey the role of social resiliency on reconstruction process success, (Case Study: the villagers of Darbe Astanhe and Babapeshman after earthquake 2006 Silakhor, Lorestan Province). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1(57), 87-99. (In Persian).
Schwarz, A. M., C. Béné, G. Bennett, D. Boso, Z. Hilly, C. Paul, R. Posala, S. Sibiti, & Andrew, N. (2011).Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global Changes: Empirical analysis from Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change, 21 (3), 1128–1140.
Spielman, D. J., K. Davis, M., Negash,D., & Ayele, G. (2014). Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian Smallholders. Agriculture and Human Values, 28 (2): 195–212. Doi:10.1007/s10460‐010‐9273‐Y.
The World Bank. (2013). Measuring the dimensions of social capital, accessed on the 08/Aug/2013. http://web.worldbank.org.
Virgone, K.,& Cairns, L. (2010). Social capital: A definition and its importance in disaster management, http://porto.polito. it/view/ full/ none/ 2007.authors_string.html.
Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., & Raine, R. (2013). Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities. Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.