ارزیابی مطلوبیت فضاهای عمومی شهری از دیدگاه جوانان (مطالعه موردی: شهر قائم‌شهر)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
محمود شارع پور
1
(استاد علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران)
نوین تولایی
2
(دانشیار گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر و معماری مازندران، بابلسر، ایران)
اصلی اسلامی
3
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران)
کلید واژه: فضای عمومی شهری, دسترسی و به‌هم‌پیوستگی, آسایش و منظر, کاربری و فعالیت‌ها, اجتماع‌پذیری,
چکیده مقاله :
نخستین معیاری که شهرها از روی آن مورد قضاوت قرار می‌گیرند، چگونگی فضای عمومی آن‌ها است؛ بنابراین ادراک و تصور استفاده‌کنندگان از فضا موردتوجه است. فضاهای عمومی مهم‌ترین بخش شهرها هستند چراکه بیشترین برخوردها و کنش‌های متقابل میان افراد در آن‌ها به وقوع می‌پیوندد و شامل تمامی بخش‌هایی هستند که مردم به آن‌ها دسترسی فیزیکی و بصری دارند. شاخص‌های زیادی در سنجش کیفیت فضاهای عمومی شهری وجود دارد. پروژه فضاهای عمومی (PPS) سازمانی غیرانتفاعی است که هدفش طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی برای ایجاد و حفظ فضاهای عمومی و ساخت شهرهایی با ساختار مناسب است. بر این اساس می‌توان مکانی را برحسب چهار معیار: اجتماع‌پذیری، دسترسی و به‌هم‌پیوستگی، کاربری و فعالیت‌ها و درنهایت آسایش و منظر ارزیابی نمود. پژوهش حاضر درصدد سنجش مطلوبیت فضاهای عمومی شهری از دیدگاه جوانان نسبت به فضاهای عمومی شهری است. روش تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی است. اطلاعات موردنظر با تکنیک پرسشنامه گردآوری شد. روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای است و حجم نمونه تعداد 376 نفر از جوانان در سنین بین 29- 15 سال تعیین شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد جوانان؛ اجتماع‌پذیری، دسترسی و به‌هم‌پیوستگی، کاربری و فعالیت‌ها و آسایش و منظر فضاهای عمومی در شهر قائم‌شهر را در حد متوسط ارزیابی کردند. بین دختران و پسران در ارزیابی مطلوبیت فضاهای عمومی شهری تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت و درواقع دختران دید منفی‌تری به لحاظ مطلوبیت فضاهای عمومی شهری داشتند.
The first criterion of judgment about city is quality of their public spaces. Therefore, understanding and conception of their users is important. The public spaces are important part of cities because of more interactions between people occurs in there and it consistent of parts that people have physical and visual access to them. There are great indices to measure the quality of urban public spaces. Project of public spaces (PPS) is a non-profit organization that its purpose is planning and programming to create and maintain the public spaces and to construct cities with appropriate structure. According to this, it can evaluate a place to four criteria: sociability, availability and integration, use and activities and finally, comfort and perspective. The present paper seeks to measure the desirability of the urban public spaces from perspective of young people toward it. In this research, the methodology was survey and questionnaire as instrument for data collection was used. Multistage cluster sampling was sampling method. A sample of 376 young people between the ages of 29- 15 years was determined according to the last census in Ghaemshahr. The analysis of information did by SPSS. The results showed that sociability, the availability and integration, user, activities and finally perspective evaluated in moderate level by young people. There were significant differences between respondents to assessment of desirability of space by gender. In fact, female have more negative perspective toward desirability of urban public space.
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