تحلیل اثرات اجتماعی- اقتصادی گردشگری تجاری بر شهرهای مرزی (مطالعه موردی: شهرهای بانه وسردشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
علی شماعی
1
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
اسماعیل علی اکبری
2
(دانشیار، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، داشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
علی موحد
3
(دانشیار، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
علی احمدی
4
(دانشجوی دکترا، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: گردشگری شهری, بانه, گردشگری تجاری, سردشت, بازتاب اقتصادی, بازتاب اجتماعی,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری تجاری فعالیتی است که در ادوار تاریخ اثرات متعددی بر اوضاع اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی شهرها داشته است. شهرهای مرزی به عنوان دروازه های مبادلاتی نقش مهمی در تجارت محلی و منطقه ای دارند و گردشگری تجاری می تواند نقش بسزایی در توسعه این مناطق ایفا کند. در سالهای اخیر شهرهای بانه و سردشت علاوه بر تجارت مرزی به عنوان شهر گردشگری تجاری شناخته می شوند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات گردشگری تجاری بر وضعیت اقتصادی،اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر اساس ادراک کارشناسان ساکن در شهرهای مورد مطالعه است. تحقیق از نوع کمی و تحلیل آن با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی انجام شده است. با توجه به یافته ها و تحلیل مدل AHP مشخص شد که گردشگری در بعد اقتصادی باعث افزایش اشتغال مستقیم و غیرمستقیم افزایش درآمد ملک شده است. همچنین باعث رشد جمعیت ناشی از مهاجر پذیری و کاهش مهاجرفرستی شده است. در پی این تحولات و رشد گردشگری بر درآمد مردم افزوده شده است. همچنانکه از نتایج تحلیل AHP نیز مشاهده می شود افزایش درآمد در میان متغیرهای اقتصادی رتبه چهارم را داشته و درشهر سردشت وزن این متغیر 098/0 و در شهر بانه 102/0 می باشد. به منظور توسعه پایدار در ابعاد اقتصادی و اجتماعی می توان با اتخاذ سیاست ها و برنامه های مناسب گردشگری تجاری توسعه پایدار را محقق ساخت.
Baneh and Sardasht border towns which are located in two provinces of West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan, are dependent on the informal economy due to geographical and environmental characteristics and the backwardness of the formal economic parts. The purpose of present study was to examine the socio-cultural impact of tourism on the basis of experts' perceptions who were resident in the studied cities. This study was quantitative research and was carried out using a hierarchical analysis process. According to the results of distributed questionnaires and their analysis with AHP model, it was determined that in the economic dimension, tourism increased renting store and house price, and direct and indirect employment in relation to tourism. It also increased the population of the studied cities, reduced outbound immigration and increased immigration into the cities. Following these developments and the growth of tourism, the income of people was increased. As can be seen from the results of AHP analysis, growth of income among economic variables had the fourth rank, and weight of this variable was 0.098 and 0.102 in Sardasht and Baneh cities, respectively.
Aminian, A. (2012). Environmental Performance Measurement of Tourism Accommodations in the Pilgrimage Urban Areas: The Case of the Holy City of Mashhad, Iran, Asia Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behavior Studies, Salamis BayConti Resort Hotel, Famagusta, North Cyprus, 7-9 December 2011, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35 , 514 – 522. (In Persian)
Ashworth, G.J. (1989). Urban tourism: an imbalance in attention. Inc. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 1, 33-54, London: Belhaven
Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jordá, M. (2002). Tourism as a Long-run economic Growth. Applied Economics, 34 (7), 877-884.
Brown, G. (2002). Taking the pulse of Olympic sponsorship. Event Management, 7 (3),187-196.
Budeanu, A. ( 2005). Impacts and responsibilities for sustainable tourism: a tour operator's perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, 89-97
Crossley, J C., Jamieson, L. M., & Brayley ,R. E.(2012). Introduction to commercial recreation and Tourisman Entrepreneurial Approach. SAGMore publishing, Sixth edition
Dodds, R. E. (2001). Promoting urban green tourism: The development of the other map of Toronto. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7 (3), 261-267.
Donald, E., H., & Shaun, M.( 2007) The World Bank’s Role in Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 34 (2), 348-363
Ebrahimnia Samatosh, S., Khaksari, A., Latifi, G., & Damadi, M. (2013). Evaluation of Urban Tourism Role in Environmental Development of Babolsar City. Economics and Urban Management, 5 (3), 17-31 (In Persian)
Eccles G, Costa J, 1996, Perspectives on tourism development, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8( 7): 44-51
Eccles G., & Costa J. ( 1996). Perspectives on tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8 (7), 44-51.
Font X., & Ahjem, Tor E. ( 1999). Searching for a Balance in Tourism Development Strategies. international journal of contemporary hospitality management, 11 (2-3), 73-77.
Foster, D. (1997). Measuring Customer Satisfaction In The Tourism Industry. International& Sixth National Research Conference on Quality Management, The Centre for Management Quality Research at RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
Gartner, W. C. (1996). Tourism Development, Principles, Processes & Policies. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ghodami, M., & Aliqelizadeh Firouzjaei, N. (2012). Evaluation of the Development of Destination Tourism in the Framework of Sustainability. Geographical Quarterly Journal, 27 (1), 79 104. (In Persian)
Haber, S., & Lerner, M. (1998) Correlates of Tourist Satisfaction. Annals of TourismResearch, 25 (4), 197-201
Haji Nejad, A., Pourtaheri, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2009). The Effects of Business Tourism on the Urban Space Development of Urban Areas, Case Study of Baneh City. Journal of Human Geography Research, 70, 91-109. (In Persian)
Jarvis , D. Stoeckl , N., & Liu, H.B. (2016). The impact of economic, social and environmental factors on trip satisfaction and the likelihood of visitors returning. journals of Tourism Management, 52 , 1-18
Khaksepari, A., Ebrahim Nia Sam Akhosh, S., Damadi, M., & Moazzez, V. (2013). Tourism Planning and Development Magazine, 2010, 7, 126-147. (In Persian)
Khani, F., Ghasemi, A., & Khodadad Hosseini, H. (2009). The Impact of Ethnic Tourism Development on Socio-Cultural Issues of the Society (Case Study of Tourism Destinations in Kermanshah Province), Urban Management, 26, 163- 180. (In Persian)
Kin H. (2004) The Southern Sound (Nanyin): Tourism for the PreservationandDevelopment of Traditional Arts, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9 (4), 373-382.
Law, C. M. ( 2002). The tourist city review, Urban studies, 37 (7), 301-321.
Lee, J. (1999). Tourism and Development in the Third World, translated by Abdolreza Roknaddin Eftekhari and Masoumeh Sadat Salehi Amini, commercial publishing. (In Persian)
Liue, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM, Journal of sustainable tourism, 11(6), 459-475.
Mahdavi, M. et al. (2008). Tourism Impact on Rural Development by Polling the Villagers in the Valley of Ken and Sulaghan. The Village and Development Quarterly, 11 (20). (In Persian)
Mason, P. (1995). Tourism: Environment and Development Perspectives. Godalming, UK, World Wide Fund for Nature.
Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Butterworth Heinman
Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Cheraghi, M., & Vale'i, M. (2013). The Role of Religious Tourism in Rural Development, Emphasizing on the Quality of Life and Social Capital Case Study: Gepchagh Village, Miandoab City. Applied Geosciences Journal, 13 (30), 7- 25. (In Persian)
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). The Process and Consequences of Modernization, Changes and Social Developments in Kurdistan of Iran, A Case Study of Sardasht (1379-1373). Zaribar Quarterly, 58 & 59, 371-405. (In Persian)
Motie Langroudi, S. H., & Rezaieh Azadi, M. (2013). Evaluation of Tourism Effects from the Perspective of the Host Society in the Urmia Bazaar. The Economics of Spatial Planning and Rural Development, 2 (2), 75-91. (In Persian)
Nouri Kermani, A., Zoghi, A., Yari Hesar, A., & Alaee, M. (2009). Urban Tourism and Its Functional Transplantation with Ecotourism (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). Geographic Space Magazine, 2010, 9 (26). 137-156. (In Persian)
Nouri, H., & Khorasani, Z. (2012). An Analysis of the Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development in Sari City. Geography Planning, 4, 1- 18. (In Persian)
Roknadin Eftekhari, A.R., & Ghaderi, I. (2002) The role of rural tourism in rural development (review and analysis of theoretical frameworks). Journal of Modarres of Humanities, 6 (2), 23-40. (In Persian)
Statistics Center of Iran. (2011). Population and Housing Census. (In Persian)
Weaver, D.B. (1993). A model of urban tourism space in small Caribbean islands.Geographical Review, 83 (2), 134-140
WWW.UNWTO “Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition”
Yıldız, Selin, Akbulut, & olgaT, M. (2013). Current Trends indeveloping urban Tourism, International Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 297-310.
_||_Aminian, A. (2012). Environmental Performance Measurement of Tourism Accommodations in the Pilgrimage Urban Areas: The Case of the Holy City of Mashhad, Iran, Asia Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behavior Studies, Salamis BayConti Resort Hotel, Famagusta, North Cyprus, 7-9 December 2011, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35 , 514 – 522. (In Persian)
Ashworth, G.J. (1989). Urban tourism: an imbalance in attention. Inc. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 1, 33-54, London: Belhaven
Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jordá, M. (2002). Tourism as a Long-run economic Growth. Applied Economics, 34 (7), 877-884.
Brown, G. (2002). Taking the pulse of Olympic sponsorship. Event Management, 7 (3),187-196.
Budeanu, A. ( 2005). Impacts and responsibilities for sustainable tourism: a tour operator's perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, 89-97
Crossley, J C., Jamieson, L. M., & Brayley ,R. E.(2012). Introduction to commercial recreation and Tourisman Entrepreneurial Approach. SAGMore publishing, Sixth edition
Dodds, R. E. (2001). Promoting urban green tourism: The development of the other map of Toronto. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7 (3), 261-267.
Donald, E., H., & Shaun, M.( 2007) The World Bank’s Role in Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 34 (2), 348-363
Ebrahimnia Samatosh, S., Khaksari, A., Latifi, G., & Damadi, M. (2013). Evaluation of Urban Tourism Role in Environmental Development of Babolsar City. Economics and Urban Management, 5 (3), 17-31 (In Persian)
Eccles G, Costa J, 1996, Perspectives on tourism development, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8( 7): 44-51
Eccles G., & Costa J. ( 1996). Perspectives on tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8 (7), 44-51.
Font X., & Ahjem, Tor E. ( 1999). Searching for a Balance in Tourism Development Strategies. international journal of contemporary hospitality management, 11 (2-3), 73-77.
Foster, D. (1997). Measuring Customer Satisfaction In The Tourism Industry. International& Sixth National Research Conference on Quality Management, The Centre for Management Quality Research at RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
Gartner, W. C. (1996). Tourism Development, Principles, Processes & Policies. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ghodami, M., & Aliqelizadeh Firouzjaei, N. (2012). Evaluation of the Development of Destination Tourism in the Framework of Sustainability. Geographical Quarterly Journal, 27 (1), 79 104. (In Persian)
Haber, S., & Lerner, M. (1998) Correlates of Tourist Satisfaction. Annals of TourismResearch, 25 (4), 197-201
Haji Nejad, A., Pourtaheri, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2009). The Effects of Business Tourism on the Urban Space Development of Urban Areas, Case Study of Baneh City. Journal of Human Geography Research, 70, 91-109. (In Persian)
Jarvis , D. Stoeckl , N., & Liu, H.B. (2016). The impact of economic, social and environmental factors on trip satisfaction and the likelihood of visitors returning. journals of Tourism Management, 52 , 1-18
Khaksepari, A., Ebrahim Nia Sam Akhosh, S., Damadi, M., & Moazzez, V. (2013). Tourism Planning and Development Magazine, 2010, 7, 126-147. (In Persian)
Khani, F., Ghasemi, A., & Khodadad Hosseini, H. (2009). The Impact of Ethnic Tourism Development on Socio-Cultural Issues of the Society (Case Study of Tourism Destinations in Kermanshah Province), Urban Management, 26, 163- 180. (In Persian)
Kin H. (2004) The Southern Sound (Nanyin): Tourism for the PreservationandDevelopment of Traditional Arts, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9 (4), 373-382.
Law, C. M. ( 2002). The tourist city review, Urban studies, 37 (7), 301-321.
Lee, J. (1999). Tourism and Development in the Third World, translated by Abdolreza Roknaddin Eftekhari and Masoumeh Sadat Salehi Amini, commercial publishing. (In Persian)
Liue, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM, Journal of sustainable tourism, 11(6), 459-475.
Mahdavi, M. et al. (2008). Tourism Impact on Rural Development by Polling the Villagers in the Valley of Ken and Sulaghan. The Village and Development Quarterly, 11 (20). (In Persian)
Mason, P. (1995). Tourism: Environment and Development Perspectives. Godalming, UK, World Wide Fund for Nature.
Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Butterworth Heinman
Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Cheraghi, M., & Vale'i, M. (2013). The Role of Religious Tourism in Rural Development, Emphasizing on the Quality of Life and Social Capital Case Study: Gepchagh Village, Miandoab City. Applied Geosciences Journal, 13 (30), 7- 25. (In Persian)
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). The Process and Consequences of Modernization, Changes and Social Developments in Kurdistan of Iran, A Case Study of Sardasht (1379-1373). Zaribar Quarterly, 58 & 59, 371-405. (In Persian)
Motie Langroudi, S. H., & Rezaieh Azadi, M. (2013). Evaluation of Tourism Effects from the Perspective of the Host Society in the Urmia Bazaar. The Economics of Spatial Planning and Rural Development, 2 (2), 75-91. (In Persian)
Nouri Kermani, A., Zoghi, A., Yari Hesar, A., & Alaee, M. (2009). Urban Tourism and Its Functional Transplantation with Ecotourism (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). Geographic Space Magazine, 2010, 9 (26). 137-156. (In Persian)
Nouri, H., & Khorasani, Z. (2012). An Analysis of the Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development in Sari City. Geography Planning, 4, 1- 18. (In Persian)
Roknadin Eftekhari, A.R., & Ghaderi, I. (2002) The role of rural tourism in rural development (review and analysis of theoretical frameworks). Journal of Modarres of Humanities, 6 (2), 23-40. (In Persian)
Statistics Center of Iran. (2011). Population and Housing Census. (In Persian)
Weaver, D.B. (1993). A model of urban tourism space in small Caribbean islands.Geographical Review, 83 (2), 134-140
WWW.UNWTO “Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition”
Yıldız, Selin, Akbulut, & olgaT, M. (2013). Current Trends indeveloping urban Tourism, International Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 297-310.