ارزیابی توان تولید بیوگاز از فضولات حیوانی در نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: استان کرمانشاه )
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
رحمت بهرامی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور ، ایران)
کلید واژه: روستا, کرمانشاه, بیوگاز, فضولات دام,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه دست یابی به منابع انرزی پاک و مطمئن یکی از اهداف اصلی توسعه پایدار است.بیوگاز با داشتن ویژگی هایی از قبیل تولید انرژی پاک؛بهبود محیط بهداشتی روستا و تولید کود حیوانی که منبع اصلی مواد مغذی و عاری از تخم علف‌های هرز و عوامل بیماری‌زا است؛ می تواند به عنوان یک راهبرد در امر جاگزینی انرژی فسیلی در نواحی روستایی باشد. تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی توان تولید بیوگاز در نواحی روستایی استان کرمانشاه انجام گرفته است.مطالعات از طریق روش میدانی؛انرژی مورد نیاز مصرفی از طریق گاز که برای مصارف پخت و پز و آب مصرفی در طول سال استفاده می کنند. استفاده از میزان مصرف انرژی گاز براساس استاندارد ها و مقرارت ملی کشور مورد محاسبه قرار گرفته است.یافته ها از جوانب مختلف بیانگر آن است: از نظر اقتصادی 65 درصد صرفه جویی؛ از نظر اجتماعی با توجه به نوع سازه کم دوام مساکن روستایی وبا توجه به موقعیت تکتونیکی استان کرمانشاه از نظر زلزله؛ بیوگاز بهترین جایگزین برای لوله کشی گاز در نواحی روستایی است. از نظر محیط زیست؛ فضای روستا را تمیز و سطح بهداشت روستا را بالا می برد. از نظر فنی آموزش و بگار گیری بیوگاز در نواحی روستایی ساده است.نتایج نشان می دهد؛ بکار گیری بیوگاز در نواحی روستایی به دلیل عدم آگاهی مردم محلی از آن؛مستلزم بومی سازی و ایجاد بسترهای فرهنگی و اقتصادی از طریق همکاری ارگان های دولتی( جهاد برای آموزش و بانک ها برای تخصیص وام) و همیاری نهادهای مدنی است.
Today, access to clean and secure energy sources is one of the main objectives of sustainable development. Biogas can be used as a strategy to replace fossil energy in rural areas by enjoying features such as generating clean energy, improving rural health environment and production of animal manure which is the main source of nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) and is free of weed seeds and pathogens.Study was conducted aimed to evaluate the production of biogas in rural areas of Kermanshah which people use required energy by means of gas for cooking and consuming water per capita through field study. The use of gas energy has been calculated according to the standards and national regulations of the country. Findings from different aspects infered that biogas is the best alternative for gas plumbing in rural areas economically, socially, and due to the tectonic position of Kermanshah province from 65% savings, Low-durability type of rural houses, and earthquake point of view, respectively. In terms of the environment, biogas cleans the countryside and raise the level of village health. Technologically, training and using biogas in rural areas is simple. The results show that using biogas in rural areas requires localization and creation of cultural and economic grounds through the collaboration of government agencies because of the lack of local people's awareness of it (Jihad and Banks to educate and to allocate loans, correspondingly), and to assist civil institutions.
Amiri, L., Abdoli, M., & Ramazanyanpour, M. (2010). study the potential of rural waste biogas extraction (Case Study of Rural Yazd). Fifth National Conference on Waste Management, Thran, pp:43-55.( In Persian)
Adel, M. (1999). "The estimates of energy production from bio-waste." Master's thesis. Department of Environment, Tehran University, 57-201.( In Persian)
Adeli Gilani, A., Sori, F., & pourahmadi, M. (2014). Application of biogas technology in the villages of Iran; Estimation of energy saving resulting from biogas technology application in Golshan Kalam village (Gilan).W Journal of Housing and Rural Environmen, 33 (145), 111-123. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, M. (2014). The role of biogas energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and protect the environment, livestock and agro-industry magazine / number 170. S25-29. ( In Persian).
Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah Province (2014). (In Persian)
Alizadeh, G. (1996). And the need for development of biogas in Iran economically. Proceedings of the first seminar on biogas in Iran, Tehran, 93-99. ( In Persian)
Alighardash A., & Adl, M. (2010). biogas in Iran (potential, current and future prospects extraction). National Energy Conference Ayran, Tehran, 30-36. ( In Persian)
Asl Hashem, A., & Deyanat, E. (2010). used mathematical formulas to produce biogas. Journal of Environmental knack at Islamic Azad University,2: No5, 39-50. (In Persian)
Bahrami, R. (2011). Analysis of housing in the province of Kermanshah. Journal of Housing and Rural Environmen, 134, 108-115. (In Persian)
Bahrami, R. (2007). Strategic biogas for heat energy in rural development. housing and Revolution magazine, 118, 26-36. (In Persian)
Hejre Z; Sahebjamee Nadia (2010) review of Psap biogas and waste; Bioenergy Conference of 21 October Thran.49-54. (In Persian)
Havaeji Z. (2010) and management audit of energy management in the oil and energy industry conference. Tehran. (In Persian)
King of like MR (2009) quick references, Second Edition Yzda.thran publications.
Omrani, Gh.A. (1977). the development of biogas in Iran and the world. Proceedings of the first seminar on biogas in Iran, 1-15. (In Persian)
Omrani, Gh.A. (1996). Urban and rural biogas production from manure printing. Publications University of Thran, 25-183. (In Persian)
Omrani, Gh. A., Safa, M., & Gulpaigani F. (2006). Evaluation of efficacy Payrvby kind of mechanical agitator for biogas devices to the Chinese model. Journal of Ecology, 32 (20), 20-26. (In Persian)
Pop Zan, Abdulhamid , Woman, Moradi Khadijeh, Doroghi Behrooz . (2012). Design and implementation of native plants Biogas: Achievements applications in the use of biogas in rural areas of the country's. fourth national conference on bio-energy, Tehran, 20-26. Tehran. (In Persian)
Statistical Yearbook. (2014). Kermanshah province. 25-380. (In Persian)
Salarey, M., Ataei, S.A, Bakhtiari, F., Hashemipour Rafsanjani, H. (2011). biogas production using Psap treatment in sequencing batch reactors (anaerobic). Bioenergy Conference of Iran, Persian date Mehr 21 Mah, Tehran.
Sheikh Ahmad, A., Zargar Zadeh, M. (1386). utilizes renewable energy for electricity generation master's thesis. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Jnvb.p:5-12. (In Persian)
Sheikhal-elami, S.J., & Keshtkar, A. (1998). biogas production process. The second largest energy conference and throughout the villag, Thran, 22-28. (In Persian)
_||_Amiri, L., Abdoli, M., & Ramazanyanpour, M. (2010). study the potential of rural waste biogas extraction (Case Study of Rural Yazd). Fifth National Conference on Waste Management, Thran, pp:43-55.( In Persian)
Adel, M. (1999). "The estimates of energy production from bio-waste." Master's thesis. Department of Environment, Tehran University, 57-201.( In Persian)
Adeli Gilani, A., Sori, F., & pourahmadi, M. (2014). Application of biogas technology in the villages of Iran; Estimation of energy saving resulting from biogas technology application in Golshan Kalam village (Gilan).W Journal of Housing and Rural Environmen, 33 (145), 111-123. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, M. (2014). The role of biogas energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and protect the environment, livestock and agro-industry magazine / number 170. S25-29. ( In Persian).
Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah Province (2014). (In Persian)
Alizadeh, G. (1996). And the need for development of biogas in Iran economically. Proceedings of the first seminar on biogas in Iran, Tehran, 93-99. ( In Persian)
Alighardash A., & Adl, M. (2010). biogas in Iran (potential, current and future prospects extraction). National Energy Conference Ayran, Tehran, 30-36. ( In Persian)
Asl Hashem, A., & Deyanat, E. (2010). used mathematical formulas to produce biogas. Journal of Environmental knack at Islamic Azad University,2: No5, 39-50. (In Persian)
Bahrami, R. (2011). Analysis of housing in the province of Kermanshah. Journal of Housing and Rural Environmen, 134, 108-115. (In Persian)
Bahrami, R. (2007). Strategic biogas for heat energy in rural development. housing and Revolution magazine, 118, 26-36. (In Persian)
Hejre Z; Sahebjamee Nadia (2010) review of Psap biogas and waste; Bioenergy Conference of 21 October Thran.49-54. (In Persian)
Havaeji Z. (2010) and management audit of energy management in the oil and energy industry conference. Tehran. (In Persian)
King of like MR (2009) quick references, Second Edition Yzda.thran publications.
Omrani, Gh.A. (1977). the development of biogas in Iran and the world. Proceedings of the first seminar on biogas in Iran, 1-15. (In Persian)
Omrani, Gh.A. (1996). Urban and rural biogas production from manure printing. Publications University of Thran, 25-183. (In Persian)
Omrani, Gh. A., Safa, M., & Gulpaigani F. (2006). Evaluation of efficacy Payrvby kind of mechanical agitator for biogas devices to the Chinese model. Journal of Ecology, 32 (20), 20-26. (In Persian)
Pop Zan, Abdulhamid , Woman, Moradi Khadijeh, Doroghi Behrooz . (2012). Design and implementation of native plants Biogas: Achievements applications in the use of biogas in rural areas of the country's. fourth national conference on bio-energy, Tehran, 20-26. Tehran. (In Persian)
Statistical Yearbook. (2014). Kermanshah province. 25-380. (In Persian)
Salarey, M., Ataei, S.A, Bakhtiari, F., Hashemipour Rafsanjani, H. (2011). biogas production using Psap treatment in sequencing batch reactors (anaerobic). Bioenergy Conference of Iran, Persian date Mehr 21 Mah, Tehran.
Sheikh Ahmad, A., Zargar Zadeh, M. (1386). utilizes renewable energy for electricity generation master's thesis. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Jnvb.p:5-12. (In Persian)
Sheikhal-elami, S.J., & Keshtkar, A. (1998). biogas production process. The second largest energy conference and throughout the villag, Thran, 22-28. (In Persian)