تحلیل اثرات اجرای طرح بهسازی (مطالعه موردی: روستای ورکانه، شهرستان همدان )
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
موسی اعظمی
1
(دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
مسعود سامیان
2
(دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
الهام انصاری
3
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, تحلیل اثرات, طرح‌‌های عمرانی, طرح بهسازی, روستای ورکانه,
چکیده مقاله :
بسیاری از صاحب نظران و محققان بر این باورند که روستاها همواره از جایگاه ویژه ای در برنامه های توسعه ی ملی برخوردار بوده و در واقع یک بخش لاینفک برنامه های توسعه در کشورهای مختلف به شمار می روند در این راستا طرح های بهسازی روستایی با هدف تقویت بنیان‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی روستاهای ایران در سطح دهستان و روستاهای حوزه نفوذ با محوریت مرکز دهستان، به امر سطح‌بندی خدمات اجتماعی و زیربنایی در سطح دهستان پرداخته و در نهایت با تهیه طرح بهسازی روستای مرکزی می وان الگو توسعه فیزیکی روستاهای حوزه نفوذ را با دستورالعمل‌های مختلف ارائه داد حال با گذشت بیش از دو دهه از آغاز اجرای طرح های بهسازی و هادی در نواحی روستایی کشور و صرف هزینه های زیاد در مراحل مختلف تهیه و اجرای آن، شاهد آثار گوناگون در زمینه های مختلف، همچون دگرگونی در بافت کالبدی روستا، تغییر در الگوی ساخت مسکن، ناهماهنگی در شبکه ی معابر روستا، تسهیل در امر رفت وآمد روستاییان و ... هستیم. هدف از پژوهش در این مطالعه، تحلیل اثرات اجرای طرح بهسازی روستای ورکانه از دیدگاه روستاییان می باشد. روش پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی است که برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش های میدانی و اسنادی کمک گرفته شده و بر اساس آن با توجه به حجم جامعه ی آماری 214 خانوار)، حجم نمونه ی خانوارهای مورد نظر از طریق تمام شماری 214خانوار بوده است. برای بررسی پایایی ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه در اختیار 30 نفر از سرپرستان خانوارها در روستای مورد نظر قرار گرفت و نتایج آن بررسی و آلفای کرونباخ آن محاسبه گردید و رقم 94/. درصد به دست آمده که رقم قابل قبولی است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد، که اجرای طرح بهسازی روستایی در مورد پنج شاخص به کار رفته در این پژوهش یعنی شاخص مسکن، بهداشت، کاربری اراضی، شبکه معابر و شاخص اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای رابطه مثبت و معنی داری در سطح 99 درصد بوده است ولی بین وضعیت اقتصادی خانوارها و اثر شاحص های ذکر شده تاثیر معنی داری مشخص نشد، همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون خی دو نشان داد که بین نوع شغل اصلی و متغیرهای ناشی از طرح بهسازی روستایی یعنی شاخص مسکن، بهداشت، کاربری ارای، شبکه معابر و شاخص اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی در سطح بیش از 99 درصد رابطه معنی دار و مثبت وجود دارد.
Most of theorists and researchers believe that villages have always enjoyed a special status in national development programs. In fact, they are an integral part of development programs in different countries. In this regard, rural improvement plans aimed at strengthening the social, economic and physical foundations of the villages of Iran at rural districts and villages level at penetration zone centered by rural district do classification of social and infrastructure services at rural district level. Finally, by preparing reconstruction plansof the central village, a model for the physical development of the villages at penetration zone with different instructions would be provide. Now, after more than two decades since the beginning of implementation of rural improvement and guiding plans in rural areas of the country and spending huge costs in the various stages of its preparation and implementation, we are witness many works in different fields, such as the transformation in village context, changes in the pattern of housing construction, inconsistency in the village passageways network, facilitating the commuting of the villagers, and so on. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the implementation of reconstruction plans in Workaneh village from the villagers' point of view. The research was descriptive analytical method which is for collecting data, field study and documentary methods were utilized. Accordingly, based on the population size (219 households), the sample size of studied households was 214 households through all calculation. To analyze the reliability of the research tool, the questionnaires were given to 30 heads of households, the results were examined and Cronbach alpha was calculated. The obtained result was 0.94% which was rather an acceptable figure. The findings indicated that rural improvement plans had a positive and significant relationship at level 99% in five indexes applied in this study including housing, health, land use, passageways network, economic and social indexes. However, there was no significant effect between the economic status of households and the effect of the mentioned indexes. Also, the results of the Chi-square test showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the type of main occupation and the resulting variables from rural improvement plans, i.e., housing, health, land use, passageways network, economic and social indexes at level more than 99%.
Al-Hassan, Ramatu M. (2007). Regional disparities in Ghana: policy options and public invetment implications. University of Ghana, Xinshen Diao, International Food Policy Research Institute.
Amar, T., & Samiem Sharami, R. (2009). Evaluate the physical effects Rural Master Plan Case Study: city of Rasht - khomam district. Journal of Housing and the Environment, 28 (127), 44-55.(In Persian)
Asayesh, H. (2004). Rural Planning Workshop. Fourth Edition, Tehran: Payame Noor University. (In Persian)
Aslani, R. (1999). Evaluate approaches to rural development of the last fifty years. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifty Years of Development Planning in Iran. Center for Economic Research of Iran. (In Persian)
Azimi, N., & Jamshidian, M. (2005). Physical Impact rural guide plans Case Study: West Gilan. Journal of Fine Arts, 22, 25-34. (In Persian)
Bhatia, V.K. & S.C. Rai (2004), Evaluation of socio-economic development in small areas, New Dehli. Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, Iasri Campus, Library Avenue, Pusa New Delhi University.
Borzo, GH., Shahhoseeini, A., Valzadeh, M., Baghernasab, A., Bahrami, M., Abdolmaleki, S., & Zarafshani, K. (2010). Qualitative evaluation of the implementation of the plans in the village Karnachi city of Kermanshah using grounded theory. Journal of Rural Research, 1(3): 153-172. (In Persian)
Habibi, M., & Maghsodi, M. (2002). The terms and terminology repair. Journal of Seven Cities, 12-13 (4). (In Persian)
Housing Fondation of Islamic Revolution. (2010). http://www.bonyadmaskan.com (In Persian)
Jamkasri, M. (2010). Improvement of rural precious tissues, a process of subjectivity and objectivity. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 29 (131), 61-72. (In Persian)
Kalantari, Kh., & Sahkohi, A. (2002). Survey of rural development plans and physical problems and obstacles executive heads of rural households in the city of Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 10 (38), 185-199. (In Persian)
Kalantari, KH., Irvani, H., & Vafaeenejad, Sh.M., 2003, Assess the Level of Rural Development in the Torbat-e-Hydariyeh County, 1986-2000,Geographical Research, 35 (45): 41-54. (in Persian)
Kalhornia, B. (2008). The process of achieving optimal patterns of rural housing. the first International Conference on Zagros Traditional Settlements, University of Kurdistan. (In Persian)
Latifi, A., & Motamedian, H. (2006). Iran view on rural housing renovation and retrofit of its. first national conference on earthquake disaster management in cities with historical context. (In Persian)
Motiee Langroodi, S.H., & Sakhaee, F. (2009). Popular participation and rural development in the district Slky city Skinheads. Human Geography Research, 42 (70), 111-126. (In Persian)
Paplyyazd, M., & Ebrahimi, H. (2002). Theories of Rural Development. Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Rashtian, M. (2004). The work of building a proper construction of rural and urban resistance. immunization and sanitation facilities Conference. (In Persian)
Rastandeh, A. (2009). Cultural Landscape Parameters of the Mountainous Rural Spaces in Western of Iran; Casestudies: Varkaneh, Shahrestaneh. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 42(67): 85-97. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. (2004). Introduction to Rural Development Planning in Iran. Tehran, publisher Gomes. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2004). Foundations of Geography in rural areas. Fifth Edition, Tehran, publisher of the Samt. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management. municipalities and other organizations Dehyariha, Interior Ministry, Tehran. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A., Roknealden Eftekhari, A., & Darabi, H. (2007). The role of government construction investment in the stabilization of the rural population (Kashan area samples). Journal of Geographical Research, 22 (1), 3-10. (In Persian)
Sarteipipour, M. (2005). Iran indices rural housing architecture. Journal of Fine Arts, 22: 43-52 (In Persian)
Sharama, B. (2004). Regional disparities in agricultural labour Productivity in the Brahmaputra Valley, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Assam, India.
UNDP (2007). Human Development Report 2006. www.undp.org, 21,11,2007.
Yaghoub, J., Ranjvar, A., & Khoshnodifar, Z. (2013). Analysis of the driving factors in the successful implementation of the project of rehabilitation and reconstruction of rural housing: Khodabande city. Journal of Geography and Development, 32, 149-162. (In Persian)
Yang, D. (2011). Overall evaluation on the level of rural economic development in 31 regions of china. Asian Agricultural research 3(6), 12-15.
_||_Al-Hassan, Ramatu M. (2007). Regional disparities in Ghana: policy options and public invetment implications. University of Ghana, Xinshen Diao, International Food Policy Research Institute.
Amar, T., & Samiem Sharami, R. (2009). Evaluate the physical effects Rural Master Plan Case Study: city of Rasht - khomam district. Journal of Housing and the Environment, 28 (127), 44-55.(In Persian)
Asayesh, H. (2004). Rural Planning Workshop. Fourth Edition, Tehran: Payame Noor University. (In Persian)
Aslani, R. (1999). Evaluate approaches to rural development of the last fifty years. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifty Years of Development Planning in Iran. Center for Economic Research of Iran. (In Persian)
Azimi, N., & Jamshidian, M. (2005). Physical Impact rural guide plans Case Study: West Gilan. Journal of Fine Arts, 22, 25-34. (In Persian)
Bhatia, V.K. & S.C. Rai (2004), Evaluation of socio-economic development in small areas, New Dehli. Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, Iasri Campus, Library Avenue, Pusa New Delhi University.
Borzo, GH., Shahhoseeini, A., Valzadeh, M., Baghernasab, A., Bahrami, M., Abdolmaleki, S., & Zarafshani, K. (2010). Qualitative evaluation of the implementation of the plans in the village Karnachi city of Kermanshah using grounded theory. Journal of Rural Research, 1(3): 153-172. (In Persian)
Habibi, M., & Maghsodi, M. (2002). The terms and terminology repair. Journal of Seven Cities, 12-13 (4). (In Persian)
Housing Fondation of Islamic Revolution. (2010). http://www.bonyadmaskan.com (In Persian)
Jamkasri, M. (2010). Improvement of rural precious tissues, a process of subjectivity and objectivity. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 29 (131), 61-72. (In Persian)
Kalantari, Kh., & Sahkohi, A. (2002). Survey of rural development plans and physical problems and obstacles executive heads of rural households in the city of Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 10 (38), 185-199. (In Persian)
Kalantari, KH., Irvani, H., & Vafaeenejad, Sh.M., 2003, Assess the Level of Rural Development in the Torbat-e-Hydariyeh County, 1986-2000,Geographical Research, 35 (45): 41-54. (in Persian)
Kalhornia, B. (2008). The process of achieving optimal patterns of rural housing. the first International Conference on Zagros Traditional Settlements, University of Kurdistan. (In Persian)
Latifi, A., & Motamedian, H. (2006). Iran view on rural housing renovation and retrofit of its. first national conference on earthquake disaster management in cities with historical context. (In Persian)
Motiee Langroodi, S.H., & Sakhaee, F. (2009). Popular participation and rural development in the district Slky city Skinheads. Human Geography Research, 42 (70), 111-126. (In Persian)
Paplyyazd, M., & Ebrahimi, H. (2002). Theories of Rural Development. Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Rashtian, M. (2004). The work of building a proper construction of rural and urban resistance. immunization and sanitation facilities Conference. (In Persian)
Rastandeh, A. (2009). Cultural Landscape Parameters of the Mountainous Rural Spaces in Western of Iran; Casestudies: Varkaneh, Shahrestaneh. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 42(67): 85-97. (In Persian)
Rezvani, M. (2004). Introduction to Rural Development Planning in Iran. Tehran, publisher Gomes. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2004). Foundations of Geography in rural areas. Fifth Edition, Tehran, publisher of the Samt. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management. municipalities and other organizations Dehyariha, Interior Ministry, Tehran. (In Persian)
Saeedi, A., Roknealden Eftekhari, A., & Darabi, H. (2007). The role of government construction investment in the stabilization of the rural population (Kashan area samples). Journal of Geographical Research, 22 (1), 3-10. (In Persian)
Sarteipipour, M. (2005). Iran indices rural housing architecture. Journal of Fine Arts, 22: 43-52 (In Persian)
Sharama, B. (2004). Regional disparities in agricultural labour Productivity in the Brahmaputra Valley, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Assam, India.
UNDP (2007). Human Development Report 2006. www.undp.org, 21,11,2007.
Yaghoub, J., Ranjvar, A., & Khoshnodifar, Z. (2013). Analysis of the driving factors in the successful implementation of the project of rehabilitation and reconstruction of rural housing: Khodabande city. Journal of Geography and Development, 32, 149-162. (In Persian)
Yang, D. (2011). Overall evaluation on the level of rural economic development in 31 regions of china. Asian Agricultural research 3(6), 12-15.