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آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : JSDE-2210-1233 (R1) بازدید : 176 صفحه: 59 - 74

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

حقوق محیط زیست از دیدگاه اسلام با روش نهادگرایی گفتمانی

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی خاک

ابراهیم یاقوتی 1

1 - دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/07/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01

کلید واژه: گفتمان, نهاد, حقوق محیط زیست, نهادگرایی گفتمانی, اسلام,

چکیده مقاله :

گفتمان‌های حقوقی محیط زیست، درباره ارتباط حقوقی انسان، محیط زیست و قدرت‌های موجود اجتماعی بحث و گفتگو می‌کنند. توجه اسلام به تمامی عرصه‌های حیات انسانی به ویژه محیط زیست، می‌تواند زمینه بسط حقوق محیط زیست، به ویژه در واکنش به بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی را فراهم کند. در این پژوهش از رهیافت جدید نهادگرایی گفتمانی برای مطالعه حقوق محیط زیست از دیدگاه اسلام بهره گرفته شده است که در آن نظریه گفتمانی لاکلا و موفه با نهادگرایی تلفیق و بر اساس رابطه دیالکتیک گفتمان‌ها به عنوان ذهنیات سطح کلان با واقعیت‌های عینی جامعه (نهادهای درگیر در محیط زیست) تدوین شده است. در ساختار گفتمان حقوقی اسلام درباره محیط زیست حول نشانه مرکزی رویکرد خدامحوری به محیط زیست نظام معنایی متشکل از دال‌های اصلی رابطه متقابل انسان با محیط زیست، قواعد فقهی حامی محیط زیست، نهادهای فقهی دربرگیرنده ملاحظات محیط زیستی و احکام و سبک زندگی محیط زیستی اسلام شکل گرفته است. این گفتمان در بستر ترتیبات نهادی شامل انفال، مشترکات، حسبه و مالکیت قابلیت تحقق و اجرایی‌شدن دارد. رویکرد نهادگرایی گفتمانی با فراهم‌آوردن زمینه بسط حقوق اسلامی محیط زیست می‌تواند الهام‌بخش تدوین قوانین و نحوه اجرای قوانین زیست‌محیطی باشد. بی‌شک هژمونی گفتمان حقوقی اسلام در باب محیط زیست ثمرات زیادی در حمایت و حفاظت از محیط زیست به همراه خواهد داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Environmental legal discourses discuss the legal relationship between humans, the environment, and existing social powers. Islam's attention to all areas of human life, especially the environment, can provide the basis for the development of environmental rights, especially in response to environmental crises. In this research, the new approach of discursive institutionalism has been used to study environmental rights from the perspective of Islam. In it, the discourse theory of Lacla and Moufe is integrated with institutionalism and based on the dialectical relationship of discourses as macro-level mentalities with the objective realities of society (institutions involved in the environment. In the structure of Islamic legal discourse about the environment around the central sign of "God-centered approach to the environment", a semantic system consisting of the main signifiers of "mutual relationship between man and the environment", "legal rules supporting the environment", "jurisprudential institutions including considerations Environment" and "Environmental rules and lifestyle of Islam" have been formed. This discourse has the ability to be realized and implemented in the context of institutional arrangements including enfal, commonalities, accounting and ownership. The discursive institutionalism approach, by providing a context for the development of Islamic environmental rights, can inspire the formulation of laws and the way of implementing environmental laws. Undoubtedly, the hegemony of the Islamic legal discourse on the environment will bring many fruits in the protection and protection of the environment.

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_||_

  1. Shilton D., Kiss A., Judicial Handbook on Environmental Law, Abdollahi M (Translator), Tehran: Khorsand Pub, 2010, 1st pub, p.40. (In Persian)
    2.
  2. Ghavam M., Criminal Protection of Environment, Tehran: Environment Organization, 1996, p.3. (In Persian)
    3.
  3. Fairclough N., Critical Discourse Analysis, A Group of Translators (Persian Translators), Tehran: Center for Media Studies and Researches, 2000, p.3. (In Persian)
    4.
  4.  Taghizadeh Ansari M., Environmental Law in Iran, Tehran: Samt Pub, 2010, p.31-33. (In Persian)
    5.
  5. MirEbrahimi SA., Environment and the Strategy of Islamic Law, The Studies in Planning Human Residences (Geographical Perspectives), 2010, 5(12), 138-152. (In Persian)
    6.
  6. Schiffrin D., Approaches to Discourse. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994, p.24.
    7.
  7. Macdonell D., Theories of Discourse: An Introduction, Nozari HA (Persian Translator), Tehran: Farhang-e Gofteman, 2001, p.69. (In Persian)
    8.
  8. Chilton P., SchäVner CH., Discourse and Politics, Younesi M (Persian Translator), Gofteman Magazine, 1992, 2, 67-68.
    9.
  9. Jorgensen MW., Phillips LJ., Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method, Jalili H (Persian Translator), Tehran: Nashr-e Ney Pub, 2010.
    10.
  10.  Laclau E., Mouffe C., Hegemony and Socials Strategy: Toward a Radical Democratic, London: Vers, 2006.
    11.
  11. Laclau E., Mouffe CH., Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, Rezaei M (Persian Translator), Tehran: Salles Pub, 2014.
    12.
  12. Tajik MR., Discourse, Antidiscourse and Political analysis, Institute of Humanitarian Sciences Development, 2005, p.46. (In Persian)
    13.
  13. Hosseinizadeh SMA., Discourse Theory and Political Analysis, Political Sciences Quarterly, 1383, 28, 30. (In Persian)
    14.
  14. Mohaghegh Damad SM., Jurisprudence Rules. Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Olum-e- Eslami Pub, 2004. (In Persian)
    15.
  15. Hor Ameli M., Vasail al-Shi’ah, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1971.
    16.
  16. Toreihi SH-F., Majma al-Bahrein, Qom: Daftar-e Nashr-e Farhang-e Eslami, 1988, p.129.
    17.
  17. Tahanawi MA., Kashaf Istilahat al-Fonun Va-al-Olum, Beirut: Library of Lebanon Publishers, 1996, Vol.5, p.1177.
    18.
  18. Khooei A., Al-Mohazerat fi al-Osul al-Fiqh, Qom: Institute of Al-Nashr al-Eslami, 2011, Vol.1, p.5. (In Persian)
    19.
  19. Moosavi Bojnoordi SH., Al-Qawaid al-Fiqhiyah, Qom: Nashr-e-al-Hadi Pub, 1998, Vol.1, p.215-216. (In Persian)
    20.
  20. Makarem Shirazi N., Al-Qawaid al-Fiqhiyah, Qom: Ali Ibn Abitaleb School, 1991, Vol.1, p.59. (In Persian)
    21.
  21. Sheikh Ansari M., Faraed al-Osul, Qom: Majma al-Fekr al-Eslami, 1998, Vol.2, p.460. (In Persian)
    22.
  22. Fahimi A., Arabzadeh A. Jurisprudential Basics of Environmental Law, Islamic Law Bulletin, 2012, 13(1), 189-206. (In Persian)
    23.
  23. Rahmani M., Fiqh Maxims (5) Destruction Maxim, Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt Magazine, 1997, 11-12, 240-281. (In Persian)
    24.
  24. Bahrami Ahmadi H., Fiqh Maxims: A Brief Explanation of Seventy-Seven Fiqh-Legal Maxims in Comparison with Laws. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University, 2009, p.210. (In Persian)
    25.
  25. Mollaei A., The Challenges of the Polluter Pays Principle in Iran’s Clean Air Law. Law Studies (Shiraz Social and Human Sciences), 2020, 12(1), 275-306. (In Persian)
    26.
  26. Khomeini SR., Istiftaat, Qom: Entesharat Eslami Pub. (In Persian)
    27.
  27. Ibn Manzoor MIM., Lesan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1995. Peace Article.
    28.
  28. Najafi Javaheri AMH., Javaher al-Kalam fi Sharaei al-Islam, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1983, Vol.22.
    29.
  29. Janati ME., Sources of Ijtihad, Tehran: Keyhan, 1991, p.329. (In Persian)
    30.
  30. Panahi Boroojerdi Z., Expediency Maxim and Justice Maxim and Their Relationship in IRI’s Basic Law, MA Thesis, Qom High Education Institute, 2010, p.153. (In Persian)
    31.
  31. Dirbaz A., Dadgar H., A Study of Islam and Sustainable Development, Tehran: Kanoon-e Andisheh-ye Javan, 2006, p.107. (In Persian)
    32.
  32. Al-Kulayni MIY., Kafi, Ghafari AA (Researher), Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamieh, 1987.
    33.
  33. Ali I., Nahj al-Fesaheh, Payandeh A (Translator), Qom: Javidan.
    34.
  34. Majlesi MB., Bahar al-Anvar, Beirut: Al-Vafa Institute, 1983.
    35.
  35. Hendi H., Kanz al-Ummal, A Safwah al-Saqa’ Research, Beirut: Al-Resaleh, 1985.
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  36. Mohammdi Rey Shahri M., Mizan al-Hekmat, Sheikhi H (Translator), Qom: Dar al-Hadis, 2010.
    37.
  37. Ali I., Nahj al-Balagha, Shahidi SJ (Translator), Tehran: Entesharat-e-Elmi va Farhangi, 2012, 31rst print.
    38.
  38. Steinmo S., Historical Institutionalism, Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences, Edited by Donatella Della Porta Michael Keating, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.123.
    39.
  39. North Douglass C., Economic Performance Through Time, The American Economic Review, 1994, 84(3), 360-361.
    40.
  40. Meshkini A., Istilahat al-Fiqh, Qom: Nashr-e Hadi Pub, 1998, p.93. (In Persian)
    41.
  41. Safi Golpayegani L., Istifta, Tehran: Iran Newspaper, 03.06.2001. (In Persian)
    42.
  42. Mavardi AIM., Al-Ahkam al-Soltanieh va al-Velayat al-Dinieh, Beirut: Khaled Abdolltif al-Sab al-Elmi, 1990, p.391.
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    44.
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    45.
  45. Khomeini SR., Ketab al-Bayei, Tehran: Imam Khomeini’s Works Publishing Institute, 2009, Vol.1, p.25. (In Persian)
    46.
  46. Vijeh MR., A Comparative Approach to Ownership in Islamic Jurisprudence and Western Law, Law Researches Journal, 2009, 15, 20-38. (In Persian)
    47.
  47. Bahrami M., Ownership Right Limits in Imamiyeh Jurisprudence and Civil Code, A PhD Thesis, Tehran University, 1966, p.20. (In Persian)
    48.

 

 

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