ارزشگذاری اقتصادی هزینه‌‌ها و منافع ویروس کرونا بر سلامت جامعه و آلودگی هوا (مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
علیرضا نظریان
1
(دانشجوی گروه تخصصی مدیریت میحط زیست- اقتصاد محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
زهرا عابدی
2
(استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
امیر اشکان نصیری پور
3
(دانشیار، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری های پزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
علیرضا حاجی سید میرزا حسینی
4
(استادیار، گروه تخصصی مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/03/07
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/11/19
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01
کلید واژه:
سال‌های عمر از دست رفته,
ویروس کرونا,
آلودگی هوا,
روش ارزشگذاری مشروط,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسی پژوهش‌های علمی مرتبط با آلودگی هوا و مرگ‌های ناشی از ویروس کرونا و هزینه‌های ناشی از مرگ زودرس افراد و سال‌های از دست رفته عمر می‌باشد.
روش بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر مطالعه مروری است. جامعه آماری پژوهش تمام مطالعات انجام شده موجود در پایگاه‌های علمی بین المللی و ملی بر اساس شاخص (DALY) و رابطه آن با ذرات آلاینده با تاکید بر آلاینده ذرات معلق با قطر 5/2 میکرون (PM2.5) ، همچنین میزان اثرگذاری آلودگی هوا بر ویروس COVID-19 و میزان تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) آنها در ایران و جهان است. یافته‌های پژوهش با استفاده از تکنیک کدگذاری بر اساس کلید واژه‌های آلودگی هوا، ارزشگذاری مشروط، سال‌های عمر از دست رفته (DALY) و COVID-19 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌‌ها: بررسی مطالعات بار بیماری‌های محیطی نشان دهنده سهم عوامل خطرزای محیطی از جمله PM2.5 هوای آزاد بر حسب شاخص تعداد سال‌های از دست رفته به واسطه مرگ یا ناتوانی (DALY ) بوده است. همچنین بیشتر مطالعات در مورد تحلیل‌های آماری بر غلظت اندازه گیری شده برای آلاینده PM2.5 و داده‌های ابتلا و مرگ ناشی از COVID-19 در کشورهای مختلف می‌باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعات نشان دهنده همبستگی قوی و معنادار بین غلظت آلاینده PM2.5 و نرخ ابتلا و مرگ ناشی از ویروس کرونا است. این امر نشان می‌دهد که با کنترل غلظت آلاینده‌های می‌شود نرخ ابتلا و مرگ ناشی از ویروس کرونا را کاهش داد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: The purpose of this article is to review scientific research related to air pollution and deaths caused by the corona virus and the costs of premature death and Disability Adjusted Life Years.
Material and Methodology: The present research method is a review study. The statistical population of the research is all the studies conducted in international and national scientific databases based on the index (DALY) and its relationship with pollutant particles with an emphasis on the pollutant of suspended particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM2.5), as well as the effect of air pollution on The COVID-19 virus and their Willingness to Pay (WTP) in Iran and the world. The research findings were analyzed using the coding technique based on the keywords of air pollution, Contingent Valuation, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and COVID-19.
Findings: survey of environmental disease studies shows the contribution of environmental risk factors including PM2.5, have been according to the DALY index because of death or disability. Also, the study of articles are mostly about statistical analyses on the measured concentrations of PM2.5 and infection and death data by COVID-19 in different countries.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the studies show a strong and significant correlation between the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants and the rate of infection and death caused by the corona virus. which shows that by controlling the concentration of pollutants, the rate of infection and death caused by the corona virus can be reduced.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Apte JS, Brauer M, Cohen AJ, Ezzati M, Pope III Ambient PM2.5 reduces global and regional life expectancy. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2018;5(9):546-51.
Naddafi K, Hassanvand M, Faridi S. Review of studies on air quality status and its health effects in Iran. 2019;12(1): 151-172. (In Persian) http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6209-fa.html
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Bayat, R., Ashrafi, K., Motlagh, M. S., Hassanvand, M. S., Daroudi, R., Fink, G., & Künzli, N. (2019). Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran. Environmental research, 176, 108547. org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108547
Brajer V, Hall J, Rahmatian M. Air Pollution, Its Mortality Risk, and Economic Impacts in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 41(5):31-3
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Rowthorn, R., & Maciejowski, J. 2020. A cost–benefit analysis of the COVID-19 disease. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(Supplement_1), S38-S55
Thunström, L., Newbold, S. C., Finnoff, D., Ashworth, M., & Shogren, J. F. (2020). The benefits and costs of using social distancing to flatten the curve for COVID-19. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 1-27.
Moridi A, Yarahmadi R, Abedi Z. Prioritization of modern air pollution control technologies (gases and vapors) based on the CBA method. ioh. 2020; 17 (1):63-7 URL: http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2435-fa.html. (In Persian)
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Tavakoli A, Vahdat K, Keshavarz M. Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Emerging Infectious Disease in the 21st Century. Iran South Med J. 2020; 22 (6) :432-450 . http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-1222-fa.html. (In Persian)
Currie, C.S.M., Fowler, J.W., Kotiadis, K. \How simulation modelling can help reduce the impact of COVID-19", J. , 14(2), pp. 83-97 (Apr., 2020). DOI:10.1080/17477778.2020.1751570
Contini, D. and Costabile, F. \Does air pollution inuence COVID-19 outbreaks?", Atmosphere, 11(4), p. 377(Apr., 2020). DOI:10.3390/atmos11040377
Devara, P., Kumar, A., Sharma, P.B. and et al.\Infuence of air pollution on coronavirus (COVID-19): Some evidences from studies at AUH, Gurugram, India", SSRN Electron. J., 29, p. (2020). DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3588060
Asna-ashary, M., Farzanegan, M.R., Feizi, M. and et al.\COVID-19 outbreak and air pollution in Iran: A panel VAR analysis", Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics (2020)
Ciencewicki, J. and Jaspers, I. \Air pollution and respiratory viral infection", Inhal. Toxicol., 19(14), pp. 1135-1146 (Jan., 2007).
Remuzzi, A. and Remuzzi, G. \COVID-19 and Italy: what next?", The Lancet, 395(10231), pp. 1225-1228(Apr., 2020). DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9
Yao, Y., Pan, J., Wang, W. and et al. \Spatial correlation of particulate matter pollution and death rate of COVID-19", Epidemiology, preprint (Apr., 2020). DOI:10.1101/2020.04.07.20052142
Wang, B. Liu, J., Fu, Sh. and et al. \An e_ect assessment of Airborne particulate matter pollution on COVID-19: A multi-city Study in China", Occupational and Environmental Health, preprint (Apr., 2020). DOI:10.1101/2020.04.09.20060137
Chen, Z.-L., Zhang, Q., Lu, Y. and et al. \Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China", Chin. J. (Engl.), 133(9), pp. 1044-1050 (May, 2020). DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000782
Setti, L., 2020, COVID-19: Link with Air Pollution? Italy’s and China’s Experience, https://impakter.com/covid-19-link-with-air-pollution-italys-and-chinas-experience
Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Huang, F. and et al. \Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China", Total Environ., 727, p. 138704 (Jul., 2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704
Wu, X., Nethery, R. C., Sabath, M. B., Braun, D., & Dominici, F. (2020). Air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis. Science advances, 6(45), eabd4049.
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network.Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2018.
Burnett R, Chen H, Szyszkowicz M, Fann N, Hubbell B, Pope CA, et al. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018;115(38):9592-97.
Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, et al. Long-term trends and health impact of PM2.5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006- Environment International.2018;114:37-49
Neira M, Prüss-Ustün A, Mudu P. Reduce air pollution to beat NCDs: from recognition to action. The 2018;392(10154):1178- 9.
Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian M, Momeniha F, Nabizadeh R, Faridi S, et al. Health impact assessment of air pollution in megacity of Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & 2012;9(1): doi:10.1186/735-2746-9-28.
Naghavi M. Ministry of Health & Treatment and Medical Education. National Study on Pathology and Diseases Burden. Tehran; 2007. p.26, 36-37,47. (In Persian)
Vanderlig D, Rinold G. Health Economics. Translated by Tofighi SH, Ahmad Kia A. 1st ed. Tehran: Vajeh Pardaz Publications; 2009. p.343. (In Persian)
Asefzade S. The basis of economics in health. 3rd ed. Qazvin: Qazvin University of Medical Sciences; 2009. p.220. (In Persian)
Garcia, L. Y., & Cerda, A. A. (2020). Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 Vaccine, 38(34),5424-5429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.068
Catma, S.; Varol, S. Willingness to Pay for a Hypothetical COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States: A Contingent Valuation Vaccines 2021,9,318. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040318
Ito, K. Zhang, S. Willingness to Pay for Clean Air: Evidence from Air Purifier Markets in China. 2019. University of Chicago DOI: 10.1086/705554
Karimzadegan, H., Rahmatian, M., Farhud, D. D., & Yunesian, M. (2008). Economic Valuation of Air Pollution Health Im pacts in the Tehran Area, Iran. Iranian journal of public health, 20-30.
Persico, C. and Johnson, K.R. \Deregulation in a time of pandemic: Does pollution increase coronavirus cases or deaths?", IZA Institute of Labor Economics (2020).
Piazzalunga-Expert, A. \Evaluation of the potential relationship between Particulate Matter (PM) pollution and COVID-19 infection spread in Italy", mimeo (2020).
Lionetto, M.G., Guascito, M.R., Caricato, R.& et “Correlation of oxidative potential with ecotoxicological and cytotoxicological potential of PM10 at an urban background site in Italy", Atmosphere, 10(12), p. 733 (Nov., 2019). DOI:10.3390/atmos10120733
HEI, H. "perspectives 3: Understanding the health effects of ambient ultra_ne particles (HEI review panel on ultra_ne particles)", Health Eff Inst. Boston Mass. (2013).
Abbaspour, M., and Abedi, Z., and Ahmadian, M., and Zafari, F. (1392). Economic evaluation of market functions of Arjan-Parishan Lake environmental resources with emphasis on aquatic species. Environmental Science and Technology, (Series56),75-89. (In Persian) sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=214927
Abbaspour, M., and Abedi, Z., Shariatmadari, A., Economical, Heritage and Existential Evaluation of the National Park and Tandureh Protected Area Using the Conditional Method, 2014, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, vol3, No3.
Haghparast, M., Haji Seyed Mirza Hosseini, S., Mansouri, N., Ghodousi, J. (2019). Prediction of Air Pollution Index by the GIS Tools During Cold Seasons in the Commercial Zones of Tehran. Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 3(3), 241-260. doi:10.22097/eeer.2019.192247.1095
Apte JS, Brauer M, Cohen AJ, Ezzati M, Pope III Ambient PM2.5 reduces global and regional life expectancy. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2018;5(9):546-51.
Naddafi K, Hassanvand M, Faridi S. Review of studies on air quality status and its health effects in Iran. 2019;12(1): 151-172. (In Persian) http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6209-fa.html
Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Shafiepour Motlagh M, Hassanvand M, Daroudi R. Estimation of Tehran's particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5) health effects, using BenMAP-CE. ijhe.2019;12(3):365-82. (In Persian) http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6274-fa.html
Bayat, R., Ashrafi, K., Motlagh, M. S., Hassanvand, M. S., Daroudi, R., Fink, G., & Künzli, N. (2019). Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran. Environmental research, 176, 108547. org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108547
Brajer V, Hall J, Rahmatian M. Air Pollution, Its Mortality Risk, and Economic Impacts in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 41(5):31-3
Voorhees, S.S., Sakai, R., Araki, S. et al.Cost-benefit analysis methods for assessing air pollution control programs in urban environments—A review. Environ Health Prev Med 6, 63–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897948
Priel, Dan. "COVID-19: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Politics." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 57.3 (2021): 537-565. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol57/iss3/2
Rowthorn, R., & Maciejowski, J. 2020. A cost–benefit analysis of the COVID-19 disease. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(Supplement_1), S38-S55
Thunström, L., Newbold, S. C., Finnoff, D., Ashworth, M., & Shogren, J. F. (2020). The benefits and costs of using social distancing to flatten the curve for COVID-19. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 1-27.
Moridi A, Yarahmadi R, Abedi Z. Prioritization of modern air pollution control technologies (gases and vapors) based on the CBA method. ioh. 2020; 17 (1):63-7 URL: http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2435-fa.html. (In Persian)
