تحلیل میزان روشنایی طبیعی و تاثیر سلول های فوتوولتاییک در ساختمان های آموزشی سبز با بهره گیری از معماری بومی گیلان (مطالعه موردی: دبیرستان پسرانه امام علی(ع)، شهر رشت)
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر
سعید عظمتی
1
(استادیارگروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شرق، تهران، ایران. )
کیمیا جمشیدزاده
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
کلید واژه: روشنایی طبیعی, خیرگی, معماری بومی گیلان, ساختمان¬های آموزشی, ایوان.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: بهره¬برداری از نور طبیعی در روز به عنوان وسیله¬ای مناسب برای کاهش نورپردازی مصنوعی در ساختمان¬های غیرمسکونی شناخته شده است. معماری سنتی ایرانی، یکی از سمبل¬های معماری پایدار است که به بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی، هم از لحاظ پایین بودن قیمت اولیه و هم به لحاظ پایین بودن قیمت جاری و کارکردی بنا، پاسخگو بوده است. ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻰ و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫاﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي راﺣﺘﻰ اﻧﺴﺎن اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. در این پژوهش هدف اصلی تأثیر عمق ایوان، ابعاد بازشوها و تاثیر سلول فتوولتاییک در میزان روشنایی طبیعی در کلاس درس است. روش بررسی: در ابتدا برای بررسی میزان تابش سالیانه شهر رشت از نرم افزار Climate Consultant استفاده شد. با کمک این نرم افزار و بااستفاده از داده های آب و هوایی شهر رشت، نمودار تابش سالیانه این شهر بررسی و در ادامه بر پایه مشخصات ساختمان شامل؛ ساختار فیزیکی، کاربران و همچنین داد¬ه¬های آب وهوایی سالانه ساعت به ساعت، محل استقرار ساختمان با در نظر گرفتن تمام شرایط، به¬ویژه صحت و اعتبار نتایج حاصل از الگوریتم های محاسباتی، دو نرم افزار Builder Design و DIALux برای شبیه¬سازی انتخاب شد. یافته ها: طبق بررسی ها دامنه حداکثری نور مورد نیاز در کلاس های درس بین ٢١٥٠-١٦١٤ لوکس است در حالی که نور دریافتی ساختمان مورد بررسی بیشتر از بازه حداکثری می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: خروجی های نرم¬افزار نشان می¬دهد حضور یک ایوان با عمقی کم می¬تواند در ایجاد فیلتری برای جلوگیری از ورود شدت زیاد نور و ایجاد خیرگی در فضا بسیار موثر باشد. درصورتی که کلاس¬های کنونی به میزان قابل توجهی منبع نور مصنوعی نیاز دارند. همچنین آنالیزها نشان میدهد در طبقه اول باتوجه به استفاده از سلول¬های فتوولتاییک، نور رسانی بیشتری را شاهد هستیم.
Background and Objective: Using natural light during the day is known as a suitable means to reduce artificial lighting in non-residential buildings. Traditional Iranian architecture is one of the symbols of sustainable architecture, which has responded to the optimization of energy consumption, both in terms of low initial price and low current and functional price of the building. Weather conditions and living environment are very important parameters in the design of buildings that are provided to create a suitable space for human comfort. In this research, the main goal is the effect of the depth of the porch, the dimensions of the openings and the effect of the photovoltaic cell on the amount of natural lighting in the classroom. Material and Methodology: At first, Climate Consultant software was used to check the annual radiation level of Rasht city. With the help of this software and using the weather data of the city of Rasht, the annual radiation diagram of this city is checked and then based on the building specifications including; Physical structure, users, as well as annual weather data hour by hour, the location of the building, taking into account all the conditions, especially the accuracy and validity of the results of the calculation algorithms, two software Builder Design and DIALux for simulating Construction was selected. Findings: According to the surveys, the maximum range of light required in the classrooms is between 2150-1614 lux, while the light received by the investigated building is more than the maximum range. Discussion and Conclusion: The outputs of the software show that the presence of a porch with a shallow depth can be very effective in creating a filter to prevent the entry of high intensity of light and creating glare in the space. If the current classrooms require a significant amount of artificial light source. Also, the analysis shows that in the first floor, due to the use of photovoltaic cells, we see more lighting.
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