فرصت‌ها و چالشهای کاربرد انرژی‌های نو در ایران برای کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی
1 - استادیارگروه مهندسی انرژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: انرژی های نو, انرژی تجدیدپذیر, ناترازی انرژی, فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها, آلودگی محیط زیست.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: رشد روزافزون تقاضای انرژی، افزایش استانداردهای زندگی، گرم شدن بیش از حد کره زمین و در نهایت مشکلات زیست محیطی و اکولوژیکی ناشی از احتراق سوخت‌های فسیلی، جايگزينی انرژی‌های تجديدپذير و پاک با انرژی‌های رو به پايان و آلوده کننده فسیلی را به ویژه در ایران ضروری ساخته است. توجه به انرژی‌های نو در جامعه ایران از منظر توسعه پایدار، مدیریت ناترازی‌های انرژی، امنیت و کارایی انرژی، عدالت زیست محیطی و حفاظت از محیط زیست دارای اهمیت کلیدی است.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر با بهره گیری از منابع مکتوب داخلی و خارجی و مصوبات، اسناد و اقدامات انجام یافته مرتبط با حوزه انرژی‌های نو به ویژه از منظر کاهش آلاینده‌ها و حفاظت از محیط زیست با روش تحلیلی استنتاجی انجام یافته است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد ایران با جغرافیای منحصر به فرد خود، و امکان دستیابی به دانش و تکنولوژی به روز و پرورش نیروی متخصص پتانسیل های خوبی برای بهره گیری از انرژی‌های نو در اختیار دارد. مهمترین چالش ها و موانع کاربرد انرژی‌های نو در ایران موانع زیست محیطی و اقلیمی، موانع اقتصادی و سیاست‌گذاری، محدودیت‌های زیرساختی و تکنولوژیکی، مقاومت اجتماعی و فرهنگی است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌ها، لازم است اصلاح و تکمیل قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با جایابی، احداث و بهره‌برداری از انرژی‌های نو، حذف یارانه‌‌‌های غیرهدفمند انرژی و افزایش قیمت انرژی سوخت‌های فسیلی، ثبات در خرید تضمینی برق تجدیدپذیر و سیاست‌های حمایتی از بخش خصوصی، فراهم سازی زرساخت‌های بخش اکتشاف، حفاری و ارزیابی مخازن انرژی های نو و تربیت نیروی انسانی متخصص، برآورد پیامدهای اجتماعی(SIA ) در کنار برآورد پیامدهای زیست محیطی (EIA)، مد نظر قرار گیرد.
Background and Objective: The increasing demand for energy, increasing living standards, global warming, and ultimately environmental and ecological problems resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels have made it necessary to replace depleting and polluting fossil energies with renewable and clean energies, especially in Iran. Paying attention to new energies in Iranian society is of key importance from the perspectives of sustainable development, energy imbalance management, energy security and efficiency, environmental justice, and environmental protection.
Material and Methodology: Especially from the perspective of reducing pollutants and protecting the environment, the present study used deductive-analytical methods, and utilized domestic and foreign written sources, approvals, documents, and actions taken regarding the new energies.Findings: The results showed that Iran, with its unique geography, access to up-to-date knowledge and technology, and education of skilled workers, has good potential for utilizing new energies. The most important challenges and obstacles to the use of new energies in Iran are environmental and climatic, economic and policymaking, infrastructural and technological limitations, and social and cultural resistance.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is necessary to amend and supplement laws and regulations related to the location, construction, and exploitation of new energies, eliminate untargeted energy subsidies, increase the price of fossil fuel energy, stabilize guaranteed purchases of renewable electricity, and support policies for the private sector, providing infrastructure for exploration, drilling and evaluation of new energy reservoirs, train specialized human resources, using social impact assessment (SIA) along with environmental impact assessment (EIA).
1. Sakipoor, M.; Kaabi Nejadian, A.; Sekhvatjoo, M. S.; Jafari Moosavi, S. A. Akbar. 2011. Feasibility of Using Solar Energy and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Ahvaz. Jondishapur Health Sciences Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 4, Fall 2011. (In Persian)
2. Flannery, T. 2005. The Weather Markers. Melbourne, Australia, Text Publishing.
3. Cai W, Wang C, Chen J and Wang SQ. (2011). Green economy and green jobs: myth or reality? The case of China's power generation sectors Energy, Vol.36, pp. 5994–6003
4. IEA (2006). Six policy actions for accelerated deployment of renewable energy. IEA‐implementing agreement on Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA‐RETD(.
5. IEA (2012). Six policy actions for accelerated deployment of renewable energy. IEA‐implementing agreement on Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA‐RETD(.
6. Borhani, F.; Varahram, M. H.; Keshavarz Mohammadian, M.; Yavari, M. A. 2018. Optimal Use of Solar Energy Based on Panel Typology, A Case Study. Bagh-e Koohsar-e Karaj, the 1st Conference on Studying Challenges and New Solutions for Urban Management. (In Persian)
7. Nasehi, P.; Saei Moghadam, M.; Izzi, R. 2019. An Analysis of the Future of World Energy: from the Darkness of Oil to the Brightness of New Energies, A Review of Related Opportunities and Challenges in Iran. Renewable and New Energies Journal, 7(1), 84-95. (In Persian)
8. Lazkano, I., Nøstbakken, L., & Pelli, M. (2017). From fossil fuels to renewables: The role of electricity storage. European Economic Review, 99, 113-129.
9. Kahia, M., Ben Jebli, M., & Belloumi, M. (2019). Analysis of the impact of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 MENA countries. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 21, 871-885.
10. Kemp, R., Parto, S., Gibson, R. B. (2005). “Governance for sustainable development: moving from theory to practice”. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1–2), 12-30.
11. Arianfar, M. R. 2025. Iran and Energy Imbalance. Donyaye Eghtesad Journal, No. 6219, Date: Feb. 4, 2025. (In Persian)
12. Li, V. O., Han, Y., Lam, J. C., Zhu, Y. & Bacon-Shone, J. (2018). Air pollution and environmental injustice: Are the socially deprived exposed to more PM2. 5 pollution in Hong Kong? Environmental Science & Policy, 80, 53-61.
13. Jafari, S.; Esfandiari, M.; &, Pahlavani, M. 2019. The Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution in Orientation towards Sustainable Development in Iran. Applied Economic Studies of Iran (Applied Economic Studies) Journal, 9(34), 77-107. (In Persian)
14. Masaeli, N. 2018. The Role of Solar Water-Heaters in Optimizing Energy Consumption in Buildings, the 3rd International Engineering Conference. (In Persian)
15. Fard Afshari, M. 2025. Solar Energy: A Solution for Iran's Electricity Crisis, Donyaye Eghtesad Journal, No. 6181, Date: December 19, 2025. (In Persian)
16. Görig M, Breyer C. (2016). Energy learning curves of PV systems. Environ. Prog. Sus Energy 2016; 35(3):914– 23.
17. Kabir, E., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Adelodun, A. A., & Kim, K. H. (2018). Solar energy: potential and future prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 894-900.
18. Treibs, A. (1936). Chlorophyll‐und Häminderivate in organischen Mineralstoffen. Angewandte Chemie, 49(38), 682-686.
19. Renewable Energy and Electricity Efficiency Organization. 2025. A Report by the Renewable Energy and Electricity Efficiency Organization, the Organization's Website: ir.gov.satba.www://http/. (In Persian)
20. Saidur, R., Rahim, N. A., Islam, M. R., & Solangi, K. H. (2011). "Environmental impact of wind energy". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(5), 2423-2430.
21. Li, S., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Pröbsting, S., Yang, C., Zheng, X., & Ke, S. (2022). Experimental investigation on noise characteristics of small scale vertical axis wind turbines in urban environments. Renewable Energy, 200, 970-982.
22. Vélez-Henao, J.-A., & Vivanco, D. F. (2021). "Hybrid life cycle assessment of an onshore wind farm including direct and indirect services: A case study in Guajira, Colombia". Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 112058. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112058
23. Mendecka, B., & Lombardi, L. (2019). "Life cycle environmental impacts of wind energy technologies: A review of simplified models and harmonization of the results". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 111, 462-480
24. Msigwa, G., Ighalo, J. O., & Yap, P.-S. (2022). "Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives". Science of the Total Environment, 849, 157755.
25. Rajewski, D. A., Takle, E. S., Lundquist, J. K., Prueger, J. H., Pfeiffer, R. L.,Hatfield, J. L., . . . Doorenbos, R. K. (2014). "Changes in fluxes of heat, H2O, and CO2 caused by a large wind farm". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 194, 175-187.
26. Takle, G. (2018). Iowa State University Research Finds Wind Farms Positively Impact Crops. Retrieved 1/28/2023, from https://www.cals.iastate.edu/news/releases/iowastate-niversity-research-finds-wind-farms-positively-impact-crops
27. Alasvand, G.; Kanaan, Sh. 2013. Sea Waves Energy: Gathering Methods and Effects on the Environment. First National Conference on Environment, Energy, & Biodefense, Promotion Group of Environmentalists, Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute in Cooperation with Meybod Azad University and the National Biodefense Headquarters. (In Persian)
28. Alasvand, G.; Kanaan, Sh. 2013. Sea Waves Energy: Gathering Methods and Effects on the Environment. First National Conference on Environment, Energy, & Biodefense, Promotion Group of Environmentalists, Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute in Cooperation with Meybod Azad University and the National Biodefense Headquarters. (In Persian)
29. Kebatdari, M. J. 2007. Studying the Feasibility of Gathering Energy from Waves in Iranian Sea Waters. National Conference on Marine Technology and Industry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran. (In Persian)
30. Kebatdari, M. J.; Soleimani, K. 2015. Types of Methods for Gathering Energy from Water Waves and Tides & the Related Effects on Marine Environment. the 6th International Conference on Offshore Industries, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran. (In Persian)
31. Farzinpour, P.; Dashti, R.; Dashti, R. 2007. Studying the Feasibility of Using Tidal energy in Bushehr Province. National Conference on Energy Consumption Optimization, Iranian Electrical and Electronics Engineers Association (Khorasan Branch), Mashhad, Iran.
32. Shahrbaf Darvazeh Noyi, A. 2017. Iran's Ability to Use Tidal Energy for Energy Production, Bargh News Website, 02/19/2017, available at https://barghnews.com/0005cR. (In Persian)
33. IRNA News Agency. 2017. Identifying the Best Areas for Generating Electricity from Tides in the Persian Gulf, available at: https://irna.ir/xjm3JD.
34. Hashemi Aslani, Z.; Haji Bigloo, R. 2013. Investigating the Environmental Effects of Energy Generation Devices from Water Tides and Waves, the 3rd National Conference on Fuel, Energy, & Environment. (In Persian)
35. Fadaei, P.; Fadaei, J.; Fadaei, B. 2013. Evaluation of Water Energy and Hydroelectric Power Plants and Its Role in Iran's Electricity Supply. the 1st National Conference on New and Clean Energy, Shahid Mofateh University, Hamedan, Iran. In Persian
36. Nag, R. (2016). A Review on geothermal energy technology. A Rev. Geotherm. Energy Technol., (15202684), 10.
37. Ghadami, M. 2013. Geothermal Energy and Its Prospects in Iran, Journal of Geological Education and Development, No. 13: 30-41. (In Persian)
38. Iranian New Energy Organization, Geothermal Energy Office. 2016. Geothermal Energy in Iran: 40 Years of Study, One Power Plant and Zero Kilowatts of Electricity Production! 17/03/2016, available at https://barghnews.com/00041tement, Shahid Mofateh University, Hamedan, Iran. (In Persian)
39. Mojdam, H.; Yousefi, H. 2019. A Review of Geothermal Energy Application in Heating and Cooling Greenhouses, Renewable and New Energies, 7(1): 125-132. (In Persian)
40. Ralph E.H. Sims. 2013. Bioenergy Options for a Cleaner Environment: in Developed and Developing Countries. Translators: Mehdi Khojastehpoor, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi-Nik, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspoor Fard, Mashhad: Ferdowsi University. (In Persian)
41. Iranian Renewable Energy Association. 2024. Biomass Energy. Available at https://irrea.ir/our-team-2/. In Persian
42. Azarm, B. 2016. Renewable Energy and the Necessity of Its Development in Order to Reduce Environmental Pollution, Journal of Applied Science Studies in Engineering, Vol. 0, Issue 4: 12-13. (In Persian)
43. Mehr News Agency. 2023. Interview with Reza Samadi, Director General of the Technical, Economic and Environmental Assessment Office of the Renewable Energy and Electricity Efficiency Organization, on the Biomass Power Plants Development in the Agenda; available at: mehrnews.com/xZWQp. (In Persian)
44. Otadi, N.; Ahmadpoor, A.; Yousefi, M. 2012. Studying the Methods of Energy Production from Biomass. The 3rd Iranian Bioenergy Conference (Biomass and Biogas), Hamandishan-e Energy-e Kimia, Tehran. (In Persian)
45. Vaughan, N. E., Gough, C., Mander, S., Littleton, E. W., Welfle, A., Gernaat, D. E., & Van Vuuren, D. P. (2018). Evaluating the use of biomass energy with carbon capture and storage in low emission scenarios. Environmental Research Letters, 13(4), 044014.
46. Moazen, M.; Saghafi, M. 2024. Studying the Environmental Effects Resulting from the Wind Turbines Use Development & the Need for the Related Policies. Quarterly Journal of Energy Policy Research and Planning, 9 (2): 194-216. In Persian
47. Department of Environment. (2023). Retrieved 2/18/2023, 2023, from https://eia.doe.ir
48. MAPNA Group. (2023).Retrieved 2/18/2023, 2023, from https://www.mapnagenerator.com
49. Planning and Budget Organization. (2018). Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline for Wind Power Plants.
50. Vatankhah Moghadam, S.; Monavarian, A.; Shahhosseini, M. A.; Vaezi, S. K.; Noorollahi, Younes .2019. Designing a Policy Model for the development of Renewable Energies in Iran; Public Policy Making”, Summer 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2: 115-134. (In Persian)
51. Becker, H; Wankeli, F. 2009. The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment: Conceptual and Methodological Advances. Persian translation by Hadi Jalili, Jameehshenasan Pub. (In Persian)