پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی کشاورزی قراردادی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
1 - استادیار مؤسسه پژوهش¬های برنامه¬ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: اثرات زیست¬محیطی, توسعه پایدار, کشاورزی قراردادی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: کشاورزی قراردادی به طور فزاینده‌ای در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه برای پیوند دادن کشاورزان خرده‌مالک به بازارهای صادراتی استفاده می‌شود. علی‌رغم وجود ادبیات گسترده در مورد اثرات اقتصادی کشاورزی قراردادی، مطالعات بسیار کمی اثرات آن را بر محیط‌زیست و عملیات پایدار زراعی بررسی کرده‌اند. با توجه به رابطه بین کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست؛ هرگونه کاهش کیفیت محیط‌زیست می‌تواند بر عملکرد و تولید محصولات کشاورزی اثرگذار باشد؛ بنابراین بررسی ابعاد زیست‌محیطی کشاورزی قراردادی بسیار مهم حیاتی است.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مرور نظام‌مند است که بر اساس فرایند PRISMA انجام شده است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از روش‌های مطالعات کتابخانه¬ای و اسنادی استفاده شده است و منابع مناسب از طریق مرور نظام¬مند پالایش و انتخاب شدند. در این مطالعه مروری در مرحله اول 53 مقاله که در زمینه کشاورزی قراردادی، اثرات زیست‌محیطی کشاورزی و عوامل موثر بر آن آن نگاشته شده بود بررسی شدند و طی یک فرایند غربالگری سه‌مرحله‌ای از میان مقالات مرتبط در این زمینه 32 بررسی شد.
یافته ها: بررسی مقالات نشان داد برخی از پیامدهای و اثرات کشاورزی قراردادی مانند افزایش دانش کشاورزان، افزایش بهرهوری، افزایش درآمد کشاورزان و قابلیت ردیابی محصول می‌تواند اثرات زیست‌محیطی مطلوبی به دنبال داشته باشد و استفاده بیشتر از مواد شیمیایی که معمولاً در چارچوب قراردادها ارائه می‌شود، استفاده فشرده از زمین، و گسترش کشت تک‌محصولی تهدید بزرگی برای اکوسیستم‌ها هستند که بر پویایی چشم‌انداز روستایی تأثیر می‌گذارند. بر این اساس می‌توان گفت که عدم توجه به ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی در کشاورزی قراردادی، می‌تواند خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری به بار آورد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان باید چارچوبی با سیاست‌گذاری هماهنگ در دو بخش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایجاد کنند تا ضمن افزایش حفاظت از منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، از مزایای کشاورزی قراردادی نیز بهره‌مند شوند.
Background and Objective: Contract farming is increasingly used in developing countries to link smallholder farmers to export markets. Despite the extensive literature on the economic impact of contract farming, very few studies have examined its effects on the environment and sustainable agricultural operations. Considering that the relationship between agriculture and the environment any reduction in the quality of the environment can affect the performance and production of agricultural products; Therefore, it is very important to examine the environmental aspects of contract farming.
Material and Methodology: This research is a systematic review based on the PRISMA process. To collect information, the methods of library and documentary studies were used, and the appropriate sources were refined and selected through a systematic review. In this review study, in the first stage, 53 articles that were written in the field of contract farming, environmental effects of agriculture, and factors affecting it were reviewed, and during a three-stage screening process, 32 related articles were reviewed in this field.
Findings: The review of the articles showed that some of the consequences and effects of contract farming, such as increasing farmers' knowledge, increasing productivity, increasing farmers' income, and product traceability, can have favorable environmental effects, and more use of chemicals that are usually provided in the framework of contracts. Intensive land use, and expansion of mono-crop cultivation are major threats to ecosystems that affect the dynamics of rural landscapes. Based on this, it can be said that not paying attention to environmental considerations in contract farming can cause irreparable damages.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, policymakers and planners must create a framework with coordinated policymaking in the two sectors of agriculture and natural resources so that while increasing the protection of natural resources and the environment, the benefits of contract farming can also be taken.
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