ماهیت، اقسام و مراتب مَنترَه (ذکر) در اندیشه چَی تَنیَه
محورهای موضوعی : ادیان هندی
1 - دبیر.آموزش و پرورش
کلید واژه: منتره, چَی تَنیَه, کِرتان, سَنکِرتان,
چکیده مقاله :
در اندیشه و سنت هندو، از کهن ترین متون یعنی متون ودایی و اوپنیشدی تا به امروز، منتره جزو اولین و موثرترین وسیله رشد معنوی به شمار رفته است که دارای قدرت و تاثیرگذاری مستقیم از جانب پروردگار است. در این میان از جمله کسانی که تاکید ویژه ای بر این امر داشت، می توان از چی تنیه (1486-1533) نام برد. او بنیانگذار آخرین فرقه ویشنوئیزم و از پیشروان طریقت بهکتی است. در این پژوهش به چیستی ماهیت منتره از منظر چی تنیه مبنی بر عدم تمایز ذکر با خود پروردگار پرداخته خواهد شد، همچنین مراتب منتره بعنوان "جپه" ذکر فردی و "سانکرتان" ذکر جمعی همراه با رقص و "کرتان" ذکرموسیقایی و به تحلیل منتره های برجسته ای نظیر مها منتره "هری کریشنه" بعنوان ذکر بزرگ رهایی و " اوم " بعنوان منتره بذر و " گایتری " بعنوان ذکر جلال پروردگار و تفسیر اذکار شعرگونه چی تنیه و فرآیند حضور پروردگار در اثر خوانش منتره های یاد شده، پرداخته خواهد شد.
In Hindu thought and tradition, from the earliest Vedic and Upanishadic texts to the present day, mantra has been regarded as one of the primary and most effective means of spiritual development, possessing divine power and direct efficacy granted by the Supreme. Among the notable figures who placed special emphasis on the significance of mantra is Chaitanya (1486–1533), the founder of the last major school of Vaishnavism and a pioneering figure in the Bhakti movement.
This study explores the nature of mantra from Chaitanya’s perspective, particularly his view that there is no distinction between the divine name and the Divine Being itself. The research further examines the levels of mantra practice, including japa (individual recitation), sankirtana (collective chanting with dance), and kirtana (musical invocation). Special attention is given to key mantras such as the Maha-mantra “Hare Krishna”—regarded as the great liberating chant, “AOM”—as the seed mantra, and the Gayatri Mantra—as the invocation of divine glory. The poetic mantra verses composed by Chaitanya are also analyzed, along with the mystical process of divine presence manifested through the recitation of these sacred utterances.
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