Investigating the Scope of Creative Cities in Dubai, Amsterdam, Toronto(Review Article)

Subject Areas : Journal of Radar and Optical Remote Sensing and GIS

Maryam Behnammoghadam ¹ , Malihe Zakerian ² , Alireza Gheiratmand ³

1 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
2 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Meybod branch, Islamic Azad University, Meybod, Iran.
3 - Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

Received: 2022-09-26 Accepted : 2022-12-07 Published : 2022-12-20

Keywords: Creative City, urban governance, city branding, inclusive city,

Abstract :

Creative cities generate high levels of innovation and economic growth, and also vibrant places to live. It is not certain that creative cities will show high levels of inclusiveness. Inclusiveness is a multi-dimensional concept and creativity is definitely established. When cities decide to be both as creative city and an inclusive city, various tensions may arise. Inclusive city branding and urban policy initiatives are a contentious issue We have chosen Dubai, Amsterdam and Toronto as case studies because all three have good situation in both. Toronto in religious and racism issues, Amsterdam in political initiatives related to age and ability to perform have shown weakness. Dubai performs poorly in political initiatives and geographical discrimination, issues of income and wealth in many ways there is proportionality between creativity, but there is also an inconsistency. Dubai has consistency aspects with local cultures and ignoring elements contrary to traditional norms such as classism, religionism, sexism and racism. In Amsterdam, there is little attention to economic growth, income generation, and support for the elderly and disabled people. In Toronto, there is less tension between the inclusive city aspect and the religionism, racism and discrimination based on income, wealth, and location.

References:

Alawadi, K (2016). Rethinking Dubai Urbanization: Creating Sustainable Forms Urban Design Strategies for an Integrated Neighborhood Cities, 60, 353-366.

Amsterdam Gemeente. (2020). De kracht van kunst en cultuur.

Anttiroiko, A. V. (2014). The political economy of city branding.

Anttiroiko, A. V., & De Jong, M. (2020). The inclusive city: The theory and practice of creating shared urban prosperity (1st ed.)

Baker, S., & Huber, A. (2013). Notes towards a typology of the DIY institution: Identifying do-it-yourself places of popular music preservation. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 16(5), 513–530.

Baycan, T. (2011). In Creative cities: Context and perspectives. Sustainable city and creativity (pp. 15–54). Burlington: Ashgate.

Bonoma, T. V. (1985). Case research in marketing

Broadhead, J. (2017). Inclusive Cities: Inclusive practices for newcomers at city level and examples of innovation from overseas. October, 35.

Bunnell, T. (2019). Inclusiveness in urban theory and urban-centred international.

Cassell, C., & Symon, G. (2005). Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational.

Chan, C., & Marafa, L. M. (2013). A review of place branding methodologies in the new millennium. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9(4), 236–253.

Chatterton, P. (2000). Will the real Creative City please stand up? City, 4(3), 390–397.

City of Toronto. (2012). Corporate strategic plan.

City of Toronto. (2017). Creative city planning framework. February, 47.

City of Toronto. (2018). City planning’s strategic plan 2018.

City of Toronto. (2018b). Vision statement on access.

Community Development Authority (CDA). (2016). Director general’s message.

Cooper, N. (2013). City of gold, city of slaves: Slavery and indentured servitude in Dubai. Journal of Strategic Security, 6(3), 65–71.

Council, C. C. A. (2011). Creative capital gains. An Action Plan for Toronto.

Cugurullo, F. (2016). Urban eco-modernisation and the policy context of new eco-city projects: Where Masdar City fails and why. Urban Studies, 53(11), 2417–2433.

Culture, D. (2018). Dubai culture strategy.

Culture, D. (2020a). Art services.

Culture, D. (2020b). The first cultural visa in the world. https://dubaiculture.gov. ae/en/Our-Initiative/Pages/The-first-cultural-visa-in-the-world.aspx

D&amp, L Partners. (2019). Creating an inclusive prosperity cities index.

DCMS, U. K. (1998). Creative industries mapping document. UK DCMS.

De Jong, M., et al. (2019). City Branding, Sustainable Urban Development and the Rentier State. How Do Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Dubai Present Themselves in the Age of Post Oil and GlobalWarming? Energies, 12(9), 1–29.

Florida, R. (2004). Cities and the creative class. In Cities and the creative class.

Greene, S., Pendall, R., Scott, M., & Lei, S. (2016). Open cities: From economic exclusion to urban inclusion. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

Levitas, R. (2005). inclusive society?: Social exclusion and new labour (2nd ed.).

Liang, D., De Jong, M., Schraven, D., & Wang, L. (2021). Mapping key features and dimensions of the inclusive city: A systematic bibliometric analysis and literature study. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 1–20.

Lu, H., De Jong, M., & Chen, Y. (2017). Economic city branding in China: The multi-level governance of municipal self-promotion in the greater Pearl River Delta. Sustainability, 9(4), 496.

Lucarelli, A., & Olof Berg, P. (2011). City branding.

Madanipour, A. (2011). Social exclusion and space. The City Reader, 3, 181–188.

McNulty, R. (1988). The economics of amenity. Meanjin, 47(4), 614–624.

Montgomery, J. (2005). Beware ‘the creative class’. Creativity and wealth creation.

Oliveira, E. (2015). Place branding as a strategic spatial planning instrument.

Paddison, R., & Miles, R. S. (2020). Culture-led urban regeneration. Routledge.

Peck, J. (2007). The creativity fix. Fronesis, 24, 1–12.

Pike, A., Lee, N., MacKinnon, D., Kempton, L., & Iddawela, Y. (2017). Findings.

Pratt, A. C. (2011). The cultural contradictions of the creative, 2(3), 123–130.

Rawal, N. (2008). Social inclusion and exclusion: A review. Dhaulagiri Journal.

Rosler, M. (2010). Culture class: Art, creativity, urbanism, part I. E-Flux Journal, 21.

Sasaki, M. (2004). Creativity and cities. 27(3), 29–35.

Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban regeneration 27, S3–S9.

Scott, A. J. (2006). Creative citie 28(1), 1–17.

Sen, A. (2000). Social exclusion: Concept, application, and scrutiny.

Shearmur, R. (2007). The new knowledge aristocrac 1(1), 31–47.

Throsby, D. (1999). Cultural capital. Journal of Cultural Economics, 23(1), 3–12.

Yum, S. (2020). How can we measure the magnitude of creative city.

Zakzak, L., Willis, S., & Pineda, V. (2019). Inclusive urban development city. Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, 14(14), 24.